The Cruel Treatment Of African American Women Essay

The cruel treatment of African American Women in Antebellum In the book Ar n t I a Woman?: Female Slaves in the Plantation South, author Deborah Gray White writes about the cruel treatment that female slaves faced, as they were given no choice when it came to marriage and were sexually assaulted. By including Primary and Secondary sources, White further explains the inhumane treatment that female slaves had to go through. White’s work offers first hand accounts of how women were stereotyped and mistreated by their owners in the antebellum period. These events play a big role in the way we view local history, as many first hand accounts of cruelty towards female slaves are uncommon to find. The time period is important as the antebellum period viewed all dark skinned women as slaves. â€Å"They were black because they were black, and even more than sex, color was the absolute determinant of class in Antebellum America† (White 15). This quote by white illustrates the way people thought about African Americans in Antebellum as the y judged a person for what their skin color was and formed opinions about them. Being black in Antebellum meant that you were a slave and every decision was dictated by your slave master. African American Women in Antebellum faced many problems such being stereotyped and being forced to have children. Deborah White writes about how the time period affected black women and how different stereotypes were formed based on location. Another aspect thatShow MoreRelatedSlavery Was A Cruel And Devastating Trade That Ravished Through The World During The Antebellum Era Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesSlavery was a cruel and devastating trade that ravished through the world during the Antebellum Era. For both men and women slavery destroyed their entire lives. They both were ripped form their birthplaces and families and forced to endure exhausting physical tasks day in and day out. 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Buying Us Regents Thematic Essay Topics

Buying Us Regents Thematic Essay Topics What You Don't Know About Us Regents Thematic Essay Topics In such way, you will find some brilliant suggestions to introduce in your paper and will determine the most suitable theme. Theme is the pulse of the story and should you choose correctly you will feel compelled (in a great way) to finish your story. You have to want to or even should explore that specific theme for you to continue writing. You ought to be quite careful when selecting your themes. Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Us Regents Thematic Essay Topics Even in the event that you consider all important points, you might fail to accomplish it correctly. In December, you'll need to submit a provisional title and outline of your essential dissertation, in the region of your LLM programme. Also, each student should bear in mind the requirements so he can independently navigate the writing of the job. Some students make two or even 3 drafts before they are sometimes pl eased with their work, as a consequence they get good marks. The New Fuss About Us Regents Thematic Essay Topics Try to remember the conclusion aims at reminding the audience precisely what the essay is about. In case you have any doubts don't hesitate to contact Professays.com. When in doubt look for the most regularly brought up talking point, and you'll come across the gist of the essay. If you've already graduated from college or university and are looking for a fantastic job, you will need to get a persuasive resume to impress your future employer. The very first paragraph of your writing ought to be a brief introduction. If you discover that the writer did not provide precisely what you expected, request a revision, and we'll make the corrections. You may pick a subject that appears to be relevant. The Little-Known Secrets to Us Regents Thematic Essay Topics Now that you are aware of what the requirements are, read about or initiate your online. Since you're workin g on a thematic endeavor, you need to always comply with the maturation of the major objective. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, along with make sure you are getting the very best service our business can deliver. Tell our experts what kind of homework help on the internet you want to get. Thus, you've got to inspect requirements ahead of writing of an essay. When you begin writing a thematic essay, it is possible to readily get lost in various components, sources, and arguments. There are plenty of rules as soon as it comes to thematic essays, and they ought to be followed as closely as possible to guarantee a detailed paper. Possessing good essay examples provides the reader an in-depth and on-the-court idea about what a well structured and coherent essay appears like. Introduction is the core of every essay. To compile a correct essay, you need to execute several stages. A regular essay is created of 5 paragraphs. You might not use precisely the same words in both essays. It's essential that students understand just what they are anticipated to write about in the essay. The Number One Question You Must Ask for Us Regents Thematic Essay Topics Your primary task is to thoroughly work on each area of the essay so as not to miss anything. The major difficulty is that you don't have wide expertise in writing a thematic paper. The audience also needs to be in a position to see the critical words and definition of terms. After you get familiar with the subject, you've got to select your side. The range of paragraphs is usually dependent on the total amount of bullets in the question. For this reason, you should pick an appropriate topic, counting on a prospective reader. As soon as you inform us about all of the paper information, we'll begin searching for an acceptable writer for your paper. Make certain you read the bold words! For example, you will need an outline. The next stage of writing a thematic paper is to learn the suitable process of the way to compose a thematic essay. As an example, compare and contrast essay is quite popular and it's tough to compose it. Commonly, the thematic essay is connected with social problems in distinct periods of human civilization.

Importance of locking up valuables free essay sample

In the Army, there are a variety items that fall under the â€Å"sensitive items† category. In today’s modern politics, they have chosen to cut the budget down to a very small size for the military. Therefore, securing valuables such as issued items which include: helmets. IBA, IOTV, and anything else issued to you by the United States Army, is extremely important. This not only saves the Department of the Army money, but securing anything you may have also protects you, and in the long run, saves you money as well. If you leave anything unsecured or out in the open, that alone leaves it at a high risk of being stolen or damaged. Say one day you leave your helmet, body armor, or any other type of TA-50 (issued items) in your car. You decide that it is not much of a risk, there is no one around or in sight at the time, and you are going to leave your car unlocked because you do not, at the time, feel the need to lock it. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of locking up valuables or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You tell yourself that you will not be away longer than five or ten measly minutes. You then get done with whatever it is you were doing for those five or ten minutes. Then, upon your return, you suddenly have an issue. What is this? The issued items you left in your car while you were away are not there anymore? Here, we have a problem. That issued gear is quite expensive. Now that your gear is missing, let’s look at the problems this alone has presented for you. On the obvious side, you have no clue where the missing gear has went off to. For all we know someone could have pawned it off for a decent price for their own profit. The items need to be replaced. But the Army has a set budget and does not have the financial power to pay for anyone else’s mishaps this go around. Therefore, the facility that issued you your TA-50 is going to issue you a statement of charges. The stolen gear consists of an Advanced Combat Helmet (ACH), an Improved Outer Tactical Vest (IOTV), and the plates. All of that alone costs around one thousand dollars, if not more. That is one thousand dollars out of your pocket, all because you didn’t take the time to secure your sensitive items inside your room. These items should not be stored in your car anyway according to Fort Campbell regulations. All soldiers are one hundred percent responsible for everything they have. If it is issued to you by the Army, that means you have signed for it stating that you are claiming full accountability of all the equipment you were provided with. Now that we have stated one of the most obvious consequences, let’s look a little deeper into the situation itself. After you received your statement of charges, you have been ordered to report to the Sergeant Major. Already, this is not going to be pretty. You have shown your superiors that you are not responsible enough to have complete accountability of your equipment. So what does that mean? That means your impression on your leadership is stating that you are not a responsible or disciplined soldier, fit to face the mission at hand. At the same time, this is also making your leadership look bad in front of the Sergeant Major because he is probably thinking that your leadership is not doing a good job in squaring you away.

Tourism in Vietnam Essay Essay Example

Tourism in Vietnam Essay Essay Tourism is promoted by the authoritiess of many developing states because it offers the potency for making occupations. therefore bring forthing income for the state and gross for the gorvement. With its well-preserved cultural diverseness and integral natural home grounds. Vietnam has become a popular tourer finish among out-of-door partisans. There are several types of touristry available in Vietnam. We will analyse Vietnamese touristry and the impact of it to the national economic sciences as below: I. Overview of Vietnam touristry II. Some types of touristry in Vietnam We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism in Vietnam Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism in Vietnam Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism in Vietnam Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 1. Culinary circuitOverview of the Vietnam Food CultureThe function and how to work the value of nutrient civilization to pull tourers 2. Advanture and activities3. Vietnam sail4. Culture and history5. Luxury vacation III. The impact of touristry to Vietnam economic sciences1. Positive consequence2. Negative consequenceIV. Solution I. Overview of Vietnamese touristryDespite the fact that Vietnam faced many troubles because of the economic downswing. in recent old ages. the country’s touristry industry continued to turn rather healthily. One of the chief factors that supported this growing was intensive promotional activities of industry participants. particularly travel bureaus. travel adjustment participants and air hoses. Indeed. many of these participants used price reductions and sweepstakes programmes as their cardinal method to pull consumer attending. Tourism in Vietnam is a important constituent of the modern Vietnamese economic system. In 2012. Vietnam received more than 6. 8 million international reachings. up from 2. 1 million in the twelvemonth 2000. The one-year addition represented a strong recoil from a little diminution in 2008 Great Recession. The Vietnam National Administration of Tourism is following a long-run program to diversify the touristry industry. which brings needed foreign ex change into the state. Tourism is progressively of import in Vietnam. For backpackers. civilization and nature lovers. beach-lovers and veterans touring the state for a long clip. Vietnam has emerged itself as a new tourer finish in Southeast Asia and on is now on lists in magazines worldwide. Hotel investors particularly the potency of the 3000-kilometer-long seashore line and the large metropoliss. The touristry offer has been progressively diversified. Local and international circuit operators offer Tourss to cultural minority groups. walking and bike Tourss. kayak trips and multi-country trips in peculiar in connexion with adjacent Cambodia. Laos and Thailand. Vietnam authorities has taken many steps for publicity of touristry. Ministry of touristry provided inducements for change overing normal hotels in luxury. Besides an aggressive publicity of Vietnam touristry run on magazines and Television channels. As of 2013. the Vietnam authorities has intended to put no less than $ 94. 2 billion towards its touristry substructure. Vietnam’s touristry sector predicts 7. 2 million international tourers and gross of up to $ 9. 1 billion for 2013. In 2013. harmonizing to Hayes A ; Jarvis. Vietnam was ranked top 7 most popular British long-haul finishs. surpassing Thailan d. II. Some types of touristry in Vietnam 1. Culinary circuitAlong with researching new civilizations. one of the great joys of travel is the find of new culinary arts. Those unfamiliar with Vietnamese nutrient are in for a dainty. as the national culinary art is flavourful. colourful and highly healthy. a. Overview of the vietnam nutrient civilization Vietnam culinary art brings its ain civilization with North. Central and South. Each part has dishes with both local. influenced the patterns of population and abundant natural conditions. making a diverse culinary civilization of the state. North: Northern Vietnam has long been influenced by its propinquity to China. As the lone portion of the state that experiences four seasons. many dishes are merely available on a seasonal footing. Overall. the nutrient tends to be milder and lighter than that found in the remainder of Vietnam. Central: The initiates claim that cardinal Vietnamese culinary art is the most culturally reliable nutrient in the state. Heavily influenced by the imperial tribunal culinary art of Hue. the nutrient is by and large piquant and well-seasoned. South: Southern culinary art is the most varied of the three. Rich in veggies. rice and seafood. it has incorporated French. Kampuchean and Thai influences into a manner that is distinctively its ain. It is by and large more to a great extent seasoned. tropical and piquant yet sweeter than northern nutrient. b. Hue – the alone culinary art The culinary art of Hu? forms the bosom of Central Vietnamese culinary art. but one of the most dramatic differences is the prominence of vegetarianism in the metropolis. Several all-vegetarian eating houses are scattered in assorted corners of the metropolis to function the locals who have a strong tradition of eating vegetarian twice a month. as portion of their Buddhist beliefs. Another characteristic of Hu? dishes that sets them apart from other regional culinary arts in Vietnam is the comparatively little functioning size with refined presentation. a trace of its royal culinary art. 2. Advanture and activities Adventure touristry is a type of niche touristry affecting geographic expedition or travel to remote countries. where the traveller should anticipate the unexpected. Adventure touristry is quickly turning in popularity as tourers seek unusual vacations. different from the typical beach holiday. Mountaineering expeditions. trekking. bungee jumping. rafting and stone mounting are often cited as an illustration of adventure touristry. Below is some celebrated escapade Tourss in Viet Nam: Sapa. Viet Nam: A great topographic point for trekking Tourss: Sapa is one of the most celebrated topographic points for Tourss and vacations in Vietnam. Has been well-known as a great finish for trekking Tourss. it is a little town in maintain country in Lao Cai state. Located in a tallness of 1500 metres compared to sea degree. Sapa is the hometown of five different cultural groups: H’mong. Red Dao. Xa Pho. Tay and Giay. There is a great and fantastic mountain scope called Hoang Lien Son which consists of Fanxipan Mountain. 3. 143 metres height. the highest 1 in Vietnam. Sapa has been celebrated for trekking Tourss and vacations in Vietnam. Sapa privilege is a great pick for escapade and trekking Tourss because of perfect conditions and clime. Travelers come to Sapa hold broad scopes of picks for their trekking Tourss from 1 twenty-four hours to 9 yearss. With its stunning mountains. small towns and beautiful Valley which is called Muong Hoa. Sapa provides some thing for everyone. Mai Chau Puluong: The most beautiful country in north west Vietnam. the moutaineus Pu Luong Nature Reserve presents a challenge to those who are fit plenty to research it. This is an country of outstanding beauty. an exciting mix of civilizations. and rich biodiversity stretching from Mai Chau in the Northwest to Cuc Phuong National Park in the sou-east. The part is blessed with exuberant wood. huge limestone view. brilliant rice patios and breathtaking scenery. This is a ambitious trek. 3. Vietnam sail As we knew. Vietnam touristry is more and more development. And one of hot subdivisions of touristry is cruise. Although Vietnam is a underdeveloped state. there are a batch of beautiful topographic points. admirations in the universe. Visiting Vietnam. tourer will bask and loosen up. In a long clip. the proportion of tourers from the sail incomes than the national touristry no important alterations. although coastal countries is district has many advantages over the other districts of touristry resources †¦ Vietnam sea touristry has yet to do a particular entreaty to tourers. Sea touristry potential- island Vietnam. Marine touristry is going a strategic development of the touristry industry to take advantage of the landscape and ecology of coastal countries for economic development. increased income for husbandmans every bit good as addition the cardinal budget and local. In a recent workshop on the direction and development of marine touristry. the island of Vietnam. experts assert travel and touristry economic system Sea Island is one of 5 discovery in the nautical economic system and countries. With a coastline of over 3. 000 kilometres. 1000s of big and little islands. a series of white flaxen beaches. bluish H2O coastline are favourable conditions for Vietnam’s sea touristry development. Beaches. bays of Vietnam travellers worldwide known as Ha long Bay. Nha Trang or Da Nang beach was voted by Forbes Magazine as one of the most charming beaches 6 planets †¦ are stating the pull of the sea to Vietnam for domestic and foreign tourers. Along the seashore of Vietnam has approximatel y 125 beaches favourable for the development of touristry. the beach was over 30 investing and development. In peculiar. the maritime sector has great possible for development investing as Ha long Bay – Haiphong – Cat Ba ; Hue – Da Nang – Quang Nam ; Van Phong – Dai Lanh – Nha Trang ; Vung Tau – Long Hai – Con Dao ; Ha Tien – Phu Quoc ; Phan Thiet – Mui Ne. With the terrain in between sail touristry hub in the part are Hong Kong and Singapore. a state with a stable political economic system of development. particularly with the advantage of coastline with many memorials Nature and civilization †¦ a UNESCO Vietnam has a batch of advantages to develop cruise touristry. The seas. islands and coastal countries presently pulling a batch of tourers. has great possible for development should from now until 2020. the province bureau will hold to put to a great extent in substructure. merchandises. publicities †¦ to 2020 Marine touristry income reached 10 billion US dollars. Been blessed over 3. 600km of coastline. Viet nam has many advantages for the development of sail touristry. With the figure of tourers to increase in recent old ages. touristry coastal countries have strong growing in gross. 4. Culture and history The history of Vietnam may be unfamiliar for most visitants. with the exclusion of Vietnam war period. Vietnamese people. nevertheless. have a batch of grounds to be proud of their historical heritage. Vietnamese are. in fact. one of the most ancient civilisations in Asia. Did you know that the first Vietnamese land was founded about five thousand old ages before Vietnam war happened? It is obvious that if you want to understand the state. its people. traditions and the national character of the Vietnamese. you have to get down your geographic expedition with the cognition of history of Vietnam. Visiting Tan Trao Historic Site to larn the August 1945 Revolution Tan Trao used to be the radical base of Vietnam before the August 1945 Revolution. Today. Tan Trao is non merely a historical country but is an attractive finish of Tuyen Quang for tourers in Vietnam travel every bit good. Tan Trao Historical Site is an ideal finish for those who like to detect historic sites every bit good as learn more about history of Vietnam. Ao dai – the traditional costume of Vietnam Ao Dai was one time worn by both genders but today it is worn chiefly by females. except for certain of import traditional culture-related occasions where some work forces do wear it. Ao Dai consists of a long gown with a slit on both sides. worn over cotton or silk pants. 5. Luxury vacation What do you cognize about luxury Tourss? The definition of luxury travel keeps turning and altering. So what is a luxury holiday? It depends on whom you ask. But I can state that something that is an indulgence instead than necessity. deluxe or expensive. copiousness or great easiness and comfort – these are all definitions of luxury. The general state of affairs of luxury touristry in Vietnam Vietnam now has universe trouble hotels and resorts. beachs and culinary art. in farther to a healthy beauty. abounding narrative and normal civilization. Today. luxury Tourss of Vietnam offer a batch of services to their clients such as: + Prefering suites in Vietnam’s best luxury hotels and resorts. + Highly individualized path planning. + Private usher and driver for in depth cultural touring based on customer’s involvements. + Upon petition. eating house reserves. meetings with creative persons. cooking teachers and interior decorators. shopping recommendations. spa reserves. Tourss with special-interest lectors and sole entree to local activities and cultural events. So luxury touristry is developing really rapidly. On the other manus. the monetary value of luxury Tourss is really expensive and merely the richs can utilize that services. Some finish of luxury Tourss: Ba Na hill and Vinpearl Land are two of finishs of luxury Tourss in Vietnam. III. The impact of touristry to Vietnam economic sciences 1. Positive consequence Although the touristry industry in Vietnam is still developing. it plays a cardinal economic function in the state. Tourism attracts foreign investing and creates occupations. It besides provides investing chances for little concern proprietors. Switching the Vietnamese work force from agribusiness to the services industry created by touristry growing presents the potency for higher disposable incomes and decreased poorness. Tourism in Vietnam benefits the hotel. building and retail sectors every bit good as other service-oriented industries. A service-based economic system requires higher instruction degrees than a subsistence agricultural economic system. since touristry sector occupations include receptionists. clerks and tour ushers who must interact with the populace and maintain precise concern paperss. Seeking locally owned and operated concerns directs the most money to local economic systems. 2. Negative consequence Successful touristry relies on set uping a basic substructure. such as roads. visitant centres and hotels. The cost of this normally falls on the authorities. so it has to come out of revenue enhancement grosss. Jobs created by touristry are frequently seasonal and ailing paid. yet touristry can force up local belongings monetary values and the cost of goods and services. Money generated by touristry does non ever profit the local community. as some of it leaks out to immense international companies. such as hotel ironss. Destinations dependant on touristry can be adversely affected by events such as terrorist act. natural catastrophes and economic recession IV. Some possible solution In the following stage. Travel Vietnam continues to keep a sustainable development position with the purpose of developing touristry really go a spearhead economic sector. doing Vietnam go an attractive finish and category of country. To accomplish that end. the touristry industry should concentrate on developing touristry quality. branded. extremely professional and modern on the footing of optimum development of resources and national advantages. to advance interdisciplinary. inter-regional and socialisation. and the function of concern kineticss. Identify mark market sections for the intent of travel and ability to pay ; precedence to pull tourers affordability high. strictly for touristry. long corsets. Development of the domestic market focused resort hotel. amusement. festivals. shopping. Beginnings:hypertext transfer protocol: //www. trails. com/list_39950_impacts-tourism-vietnam. html hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Main_Pagehypertext transfer protocol: //aut. researchgateway. Ac. nz/bitstream/handle/10292/769/Bui_DT. pdf ; jsessionid=B63C881EC44FD2E13604E2E295CDBA48? sequence=4 PreparationI. Overview of Vietnam touristry1. Economy go down while touristry grows healthily Despite the fact that Vietnam faced many troubles because of the economic downswing. in recent old ages. the country’s touristry industry continued to turn rather healthily. One of the chief factors that supported this growing was intensive promotional activities of industry participants. particularly travel bureaus. travel adjustment and air hoses. Indeed. many of these participants used price reductions and sweepstakes programmes as their cardinal method to pull consumer attending. Tourism in Vietnam is a important constituent of the modern Vietnamese economic system. In 2012. Vietnam received more than 6. 8 million international reachings. up from 2. 1 million in the twelvemonth 2000. The one-year addition represented a strong recoil from a little diminution in 2008 Great Recession. National Administration of Tourism is following a long-run program to diversify the touristry industry. which brings needed foreign exchange into the state. 2. The importance of touristry in Vietnam economic For backpackers. civilization and nature lovers. beach-lovers and veterans touring the state for a long clip. Vietnam has emerged itself as a new tourer finish in Southeast Asia and on is now on lists in magazines worldwide. Hotel investors particularly the potency of the 3000-kilometer-long seashore line and the large metropoliss. The touristry offer has been progressively diversified. Local and international circuit operators offer Tourss to cultural minority groups. walking and bike Tourss. kayak trips and multi-country trips in peculiar in connexion with adjacent Cambodia. Laos and Thailand. 3. Promoting touristry Vietnam authorities has taken many steps for publicity of touristry. Ministry of touristry provided inducements for change overing normal hotels in luxury. Besides an aggressive publicity of Vietnam touristry run on magazines and Television channels. As of 2013. the Vietnam authorities has intended to put no less than $ 94. 2 billion towards its touristry substructure. Vietnam’s touristry sector predicts 7. 2 million international tourers and gross of up to $ 9. 1 billion for 2013. In 2013. harmonizing to Hayes A ; Jarvis. Vietnam was ranked top 7 most popular British long-haul finishs. surpassing Thailand. 2. Gap – make fullingVietnam authorities has taken many steps for †¦ . . of touristry. Answer: Development II. Some types of touristry in Vietnam1. Culinary circuitAlong with researching new civilizations. one of the great joys of travel is the find of new culinary arts. Those unfamiliar with Vietnamese nutrient are in for a dainty. as the national culinary art is flavourful. colourful and highly healthy. a. Overview of the Vietnam nutrient Vietnam culinary art brings its ain civilization with North. Central and South. Each part has dishes with both local. influenced the patterns of population and abundant natural conditions. making a diverse culinary civilization of the state. North: Northern Vietnam has long been influenced by its propinquity to China. As the lone portion of the state that experiences four seasons. many dishes are merely available on a seasonal footing. Overall. the nutrient tends to be milder and lighter than that found in the remainder of Vietnam. Central: The initiates claim that cardinal Vietnamese culinary art is the most culturally reliable nutrient in the state. Heavily influenced by the imperial tribunal culinary art of Hue. the nutrient is by and large piquant and well-seasoned. South: Southern culinary art is the most varied of the three. Rich in veggies. rice and seafood. it has incorporated French. Kampuchean and Thai influences into a manner that is distinctively its ain. It is by and lar ge more to a great extent seasoned. tropical and piquant yet sweeter than northern nutrient. b. Hue – the alone culinary art The culinary art of Hu? forms the bosom of Central Vietnamese culinary art. but one of the most dramatic differences is the prominence of vegetarianism in the metropolis. Several all-vegetarian eating houses are scattered in assorted corners of the metropolis to function the locals who have a strong tradition of eating vegetarian twice a month. as portion of their Buddhist beliefs. Another characteristic of Hu? dishes that sets them apart from other regional culinary arts in Vietnam is the comparatively little functioning size with refined presentation. a trace of its royal culinary art. Questions: Name some celebrated dishes in three parts of Vietnam. North: ( Pho? . co?m. bu?n da?u ma?m tom ) Cardinal: ( ba?nh Thai va?t. ba?nh be?o. mi? qua?ng ) South: ( ba?nh xe?o. duong du?a. thi?t kho ta?u ) 2. Advanture and activities Adventure touristry is a type of niche touristry affecting geographic expedition or travel to remote countries. where the traveller should anticipate the unexpected. Adventure touristry is quickly turning in popularity as tourers seek unusual vacations. different from the typical beach holiday. Mountaineering expeditions. trekking. bungee jumping. rafting and stone mounting are often cited as an illustration of adventure touristry. Some celebrated escapade Tourss in Viet Nam: Sapa. Mai Chau Puluong Sapa. Viet Nam: A great topographic point for trekking Tourss: Sapa has been celebrated for trekking Tourss and vacations in Vietnam. Sapa privilege is a great pick for escapade and trekking Tourss because of perfect conditions and clime. Travelers come to Sapa hold broad scopes of picks for their trekking Tourss from 1 twenty-four hours to 9 yearss. With its stunning mountains. small towns and beautiful Valley which is called Muong Hoa. Sapa provides some thing for everyone. Mai Chau: The most beautiful country in north west Vietnam. the moutaineus Pu Luong Nature Reserve presents a challenge to those who are fit plenty to research it. This is an country of outstanding beauty. an exciting mix of civilizations. and rich biodiversity stretching from Mai Chau in the Northwest to Cuc Phuong National Park in the sou-east. The part is blessed with exuberant wood. huge limestone view. brilliant rice patios and breathtaking scenery. This is a ambitious trek. Question: Question 1: How many advanturing games do you cognize?Answer: trekking. bungee jumping. rafting and stone mounting 3. Vietnam sail As we knew. Vietnam touristry is more and more development. And one of hot subdivisions of touristry is cruise. Although Vietnam is a underdeveloped state. there are a batch of beautiful topographic points. admirations in the universe. Visiting Vietnam. tourer will bask and loosen up. In a long clip. the proportion of tourers from the sail incomes than the national touristry no important alterations. although coastal countries is district has many advantages over the other districts of touristry resources †¦ Vietnam sea touristry has yet to do a particular entreaty to tourers. With the terrain in between sail touristry hub in the part are Hong Kong and Singapore. a state with a stable political economic system of development. particularly with the advantage of coastline with many memorials Nature and civilization †¦ a UNESCO Vietnam has a batch of advantages to develop cruise touristry. The seas. islands and coastal countries presently pulling a batch of tourers. has great possible for development should from now until 2020. the province bureau will hold to put to a great extent in substructure. merchandises. publicities †¦ to 2020 Marine touristry income reached 10 billion US dollars. Been blessed over 3. 600km of coastline. Vietnam has many advantages for the development of sail touristry. With the figure of tourers to increase in recent old ages. touristry coastal countries have strong growing in gross. 4. Culture and history It is obvious that if you want to understand the state. its people. traditions and the national character of the Vietnamese. you have to get down your geographic expedition with the cognition of civilization and history of Vietnam. Visiting Tan Trao Historic Site to larn the August 1945 Revolution Tan Trao used to be the radical base of Vietnam before the August 1945 Revolution. Today. Tan Trao is non merely a historical country but is an attractive finish of Tuyen Quang for tourers in Vietnam travel every bit good. Tan Trao Historical Site is an ideal finish for those who like to detect historic sites every bit good as learn more about history of Vietnam. Ao dai – the traditional costume of Vietnam Ao Dai was one time worn by both genders but today it is worn chiefly by females. except for certain of import traditional culture-related occasions where some work forces do wear it. Ao Dai consists of a long gown with a slit on both sides. worn over cotton or silk pants. Question: Gap – filling: If you want to understand the state. its people. traditions and the national character of the Vietnamese. you have to get down your geographic expedition with the cognition of†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦and†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . Answer: culture/history 5. Luxury vacation What do you cognize about luxury Tourss? The definition of luxury travel keeps turning and altering. So what is a luxury holiday? It depends on whom you ask. But I can state that something that is an indulgence instead than necessity. deluxe or expensive. copiousness or great easiness and comfort – these are all definitions of luxury. The general state of affairs of luxury touristry in Vietnam Vietnam now has universe trouble hotels and resorts. beachs and culinary art. in farther to a healthy beauty. abounding narrative and normal civilization. Today. luxury Tourss of Vietnam offer a batch of services to their clients such as: + Prefering suites in Vietnam’s best luxury hotels and resorts. + Highly individualized path planning. + Private usher and driver for in depth cultural touring based on customer’s involvements. + Upon petition. eating house reserves. 5 – star dishes. shopping recommendations. spa reserves. sole entree to local activities and cultural events. So luxury touristry is developing really rapidly. On the other manus. the monetary value of luxury Tourss is really expensive and merely the richs can utilize that services. Some finish of luxury Tourss: Ba Na hill and Vinpearl Land are two of finishs of luxury Tourss in Vietnam. Question: Question 2: What have Luxury Tourt of Viet Nam offered to function their clients? Answer:Best luxury hotels and resortsHighly personalized itinerary planningPrivate usher and driver for in depth cultural touring based on customer’s involvements restaurant reserves. 5 – star dishes. shopping recommendations. spa reserves. sole entree to local activities and cultural events Super Text Twist Game: 1. The site of Miss Universe 2008 and Miss Earth 20102. A so called Panduranga. celebrated heritage3. Tourist finish in Binh Duong4. A beautiful island celebrated fish sauce5. A historic temple. built in 1601 on the order of the first Nguy?n Godheads6. Temple of literature. built in 10707. The forth largest metropolis in Vietnam8. The capital of resort in Vietnam Answer:1. Nha trang2. Tha?p cha?m3. Da?i Nam4. Phu? Quo?c5. Thie?n Mu?6. Quo?c tu? gia?m7. Ca?n Tho8. Mu?i Ne?Vertical: Tha?p Muo?i III. The impact of touristry to Vietnam economic sciences1. Positive consequenceAlthough the touristry industry in Vietnam is still developing. it plays a cardinal economic function in the state. Tourism attracts foreign investing and creates occupations. It besides provides investing chances for little concern proprietors. Switching the Vietnamese work force from agribusiness to the services industry created by touristry growing presents the potency for higher disposable incomes and decreased poorness. Tourism in Vietnam benefits the hotel. building and retail sectors every bit good as other service-oriented industries. A service-based economic system requires higher instruction degrees than a subsistence agricultural economic system. since touristry sector occupations include receptionists. clerks and tour ushers who must interact with the populace and maintain precise concern paperss. Seeking locally owned and operated concerns directs the most money to local economic systems. 3. Negative consequence Successful touristry relies on set uping a basic substructure. such as roads. visitant centres and hotels. The cost of this normally falls on the authorities. so it has to come out of revenue enhancement grosss. Jobs created by touristry are frequently seasonal and ailing paid. yet touristry can force up local belongings monetary values and the cost of goods and services. Money generated by touristry does non ever profit the local community. as some of it leaks out to immense international companies. such as hotel ironss. Destinations dependant on touristry can be adversely affected by events such as terrorist act. natural catastrophes and economic recession. Questions: Question 3: Can you state me the positive consequence of touristry to Vietnam economic system? Answer:cardinal economic function in the stateattracts foreign investingcreates occupationsprovides investing chances for little concern proprietorsSwitching the Vietnamese work force from agribusiness to the services industry higher disposable incomes and decreased poornessbenefits the hotel. building and retail sectors every bit good as other service-oriented industries Question 4: Can you state me the negative consequenceof touristry to Vietnam economic system? Answer:relies on set uping a basic substructure = gt ; autumn on the gorvernment = gt ; revenue enhancement grosss Jobs created by touristry are frequently seasonal and ailing paidpush up local belongings monetary values and the cost of goods and services Money leaks out to immense international companiesFinishs dependent on touristry can be adversely affected by events such as terrorist act. natural catastrophes and economic recession. IV. Some possible solutionIn the following stage. Travel Vietnam continues to keep a sustainable development position with the purpose of developing touristry really go a spearhead economic sector. doing Vietnam go an attractive finish and category of country. To accomplish that end. the touristry industry should concentrate on developing touristry quality. branded. extremely professional and modern on the footing of optimum development of resources and national advantages. to advance interdisciplinary. inter-regional and socialisation. and the function of concern kineticss. Identify mark market sections for the intent of travel and ability to pay ; precedence to pull tourers affordability high. strictly for touristry. long corsets. Development of the domestic market focused resort hotel. amusement. festivals. shopping.

Bio of French Impressionist Painter Boudin

Bio of French Impressionist Painter Boudin Louis Eugà ¨ne Boudins pint-sized paintings may not enjoy the same reputation as the more ambitious works by his star pupil Claude Monet, but their diminutive dimensions should not diminish their significance. Boudin introduced his fellow Le Havre resident to the pleasures of painting en plein air, which decided the future for talented young Claude. In this respect, and although he was technically a key precursor, we may consider Boudin among the founders of the Impressionist movement. Boudin participated in the first Impressionist exhibition in 1874, and also exhibited in the annual Salon that year. He did not participate in any subsequent Impressionist exhibitions, preferring instead to stick to the Salon system. It was only in his last decade of painting that Boudin experimented with the broken brushwork for which Monet and the rest of the Impressionists were known. Life The son of a sea captain who settled in Le Havre in 1835, Boudin met artists through his fathers stationery and framing shop, which also sold artists supplies. Jean-Baptiste Isabey (1767-1855), Constant Troyon (1810-1865) and Jean-Franà §ois Millet (1814-1875) would come by and offer the young Boudin advice. However, his favorite art hero at the time was the Dutch landscapist Johan Jongkind (1819-1891). In 1850, Boudin received a scholarship to study art in Paris. In 1859, he met Gustave Courbet (1819-1877) and poet/art critic Charles Baudelaire (1821-1867), who took an interest in his work. That year Boudin submitted his work to the Salon for the first time and was accepted. Beginning in 1861, Boudin divided his time between Paris during the winter and the Normandy coast during the summer. His small canvases of tourists on the beach received respectable attention and he often sold these quickly painted compositions to the people who had been captured so effectively. Boudin loved to travel and set out for Brittany, Bordeaux, Belgium, Holland and Venice quite often. In 1889 he won a gold medal at the Exposition Universelle and in 1891 he became a knight of the Là ©gion dhonneur. Late in life Boudin moved to the south of France, but as his health deteriorated he chose to return to Normandy to die in the region that launched his career as one of the maverick plein-air painters of his era. Important Works: On the Beach, Sunset, 1865The Nurse/Nanny on the Beach, 1883-87Trouville, View Taken from the Heights, 1897 Born: July 12, 1824, Trouville, France Died: August 8, 1898, Deauville, France

The Holocaust and its Survivors Children

The Holocaust and its Survivor's Children Evidence shows that the children of Holocaust survivors, referred to as the Second Generation, can be deeply affected both negatively and positively- by the horrific events their parents experienced. The intergenerational transmission of trauma is so strong that Holocaust-related influences can even be seen in the Third Generation, children of the children of survivors. We are all born into some story, with its particular background scenery, that affects our physical, emotional, social and spiritual growth. In the case of children of Holocaust survivors, the background story tends to be either a stifled mystery or overflowing with traumatic information. In the first case, the child may feel drained and in the second case overwhelmed.Either way, a child whose background story includes the Holocaust may experience some difficulty in their development. At the same time, the child may gain from their parents experience some helpful coping skills. According to studies, the long-term effects of the Holocaust on the children of survivors suggest a psychological profile. Their parents suffering may have affected their upbringing, personal relationships, and perspective on life. Eva Fogelman, a psychologist who treats Holocaust survivors and their children, suggests a  second generation  complex characterized by processes that affect identity, self-esteem, interpersonal interactions, and worldview. Psychological Vulnerability Literature suggests that after the war many survivors quickly entered into loveless marriages in their desire to rebuild their family life as quickly as possible. And these survivors remained married even though the marriages may have lacked emotional intimacy. Children of these types of marriages may not have been given the nurturance needed to develop positive self-images. Survivor-parents have also shown a tendency to be over-involved in their childrens lives, even to the point of suffocation. Some researchers suggested that the reason for this over-involvement is the survivors feeling that their children exist to replace what was so traumatically lost. This over-involvement may exhibit itself in feeling overly sensitive and anxious about their childrens behavior, forcing their children to fulfill certain roles or pushing their children to be high achievers. Similarly, many survivor-parents were over-protective of their children, and they transmitted their distrust of the external environment to their children. Consequently, some Second Gens have found it difficult to become autonomous and to trust people outside their family. Another possible characteristic of Second Gens is difficulty with psychological separation-individuation from their parents. Often in families of survivors, separation becomes associated with death. A child who does manage to separate may be seen as betraying or abandoning the family. And anyone who encourages a child to separate may be seen as a threat or even a persecutor. A higher frequency of separation anxiety and guilt was found in children of survivors than in other children. It follows that many children of survivors have an intense need to act as protectors of their parents. Secondary Traumatization Some survivors did not talk to their children about their Holocaust experiences. These Second Gens were raised in homes of hidden mystery. This silence contributed to a culture of repression within these families. Other survivors talked a great deal to their children about their Holocaust experiences. In some cases, the talk was too much, too soon, or too often. In both cases, secondary traumatization may have occurred in Second Gens as a result of exposure to their traumatized parents. According to the American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress, children of Holocaust survivors may be at higher risk for psychiatric symptoms including depression, anxiety, and PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) due to this secondary traumatization. There are four main types of PTSD symptoms, and a diagnosis of PTSD requires the presence of all four types of symptoms: re-experiencing the trauma (flashbacks, nightmares, intrusive memories, exaggerated emotional and physical reactions to things reminiscent of the trauma)emotional numbingavoidance of things reminiscent of the traumaincreased arousal (irritability, hypervigilance, exaggerated startle response, difficulty sleeping). Resilience While trauma can be transmitted across the generations, so can resilience. Resilient traits- such as adaptability, initiative, and tenacity- that enabled survivor-parents to survive the Holocaust may have been passed on to their children. In addition, studies have shown that Holocaust survivors and their children have a tendency to be task-oriented and hard workers. They also know how to actively cope with and adapt to challenges. Strong family values is another positive characteristic displayed by many survivors and their children. As a group, the survivor and children of survivor community have a tribal character in that membership in the group is based on shared injuries. Within this community, there is polarization. One the one hand, there is shame over being a victim, fear of being stigmatized, and the need to keep defense mechanisms on active alert. On the other hand, there is a need for understanding and recognition. Third and Fourth Generations Little research has been done on the effects of the Holocaust on the Third Generation. Publications about the effects of the Holocaust on the families of survivors peaked between 1980 and 1990 and then declined. Perhaps as the Third Generation matures, they will initiate a new phase of study and writing. Even without the research, it is clear that the Holocaust plays an important psychological role in the identity of Third Gens. One noticeable attribute of this third generation is the close bond they have with their grandparents. According to the Eva Fogelman, a very interesting psychological trend is that the third generation is a lot closer to their grandparents and that its a lot easier for grandparents to communicate with this generation than it was for them to communicate with the second generation. Given the less intense relationship with their grandchildren than with their children, many survivors have found it easier to share their experiences with the Third Generation than with the Second. In addition, by the time the grandchildren were old enough to understand, it was easier for the survivors to speak. The Third Gens are the ones who will be alive when all the survivors have passed on when remembering the Holocaust becomes a new challenge. As the â€Å"last link† to the survivors, the Third Generation will be the one with the mandate to continue to tell the stories. Some Third Gens are getting to the age where they are having their own children. Thus, some Second Gens are now becoming grandparents, becoming the grandparents they never had. By living what they were not able to experience themselves, a broken circle is being mended and closed. With the arrival of the fourth generation, once again the Jewish family is becoming whole. The ghastly wounds suffered by Holocaust survivors and the scars worn by their children and even their grandchildren seem to be finally healing with the Fourth Generation.

12 sentences on each of questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

12 sentences on each of questions - Essay Example They contained the subject of Dharma. The original formulation suggests four Ä Ã…›rama which are; the student, householder, renouncer and the hermit. By the virtue of being named as the Ä Ã…›rama, the four modes of life have their independent religious and social institutions. Furthermore, they were given their own legitimacy and theological valuation. This formulation posits the Ä Ã…›rama as mandatory modes of life which are suitable for various phases in the life of a human. The classical formulation eliminates the aspect of choice which was central in the original formulation. The Ä Ã…›ramas, in this case are converted to temporary periods as opposed to previously permanent vocations. Renunciation is the final phase which occupies a man’s life. As such, a person passes through different Ä Ã…›ramas in an orderly manner. This takes place at different times in a man’s life. The first phase begins when a boy undergoes verdict initiation. This is what is considered as entry into the Ä Ã…›ramas and the initiatory studentship is regarded as the first Ä Ã…›rama. This phase concludes with a ritual birth which indicates that the student can return to his parent’s home where he finds a partner. The â€Å"bare-bones† conception of Karma claims that right and wrong actions produce good and bad consequences for the agent who performs them. Many scholars have come to consensus to suggest that the theory of karma can be understood in terms of samskaras, which means dispositions or habits to repeat similar actions in the future. The contemporary interpretation of karma is that sankaras produce phala. The contemporary interpretation can be said to be plausible as a person needs not commit to the theory of Karma per se to admit that actions contribute to habits, some of which lead to success, others of which lead to failure. The affection can be expressed in both ways, i.e. as if God is one’s child or as if one is

Icon Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Icon - Research Paper Example Similarly shapes tend to impact mind in informative way (Ciotti par 1-5). The Icons used by Microsoft represents freedom and four colored blocks in the icon tell about aspects and range of products in which freedom is claimed. The information shared from an Icon design is easy to remember. The products aim at fulfilling consumer demands created by market dynamics. They are changed in order to have greater audience and fixate consumers with product characteristics. History of Icon creation is old and dates back to the Greek era. Churches, Citadels and certain Buildings wore Icons to make people feel their imposing presence. Today Icons are created and re-launched in different ways to convey variety of messages; there are fonts, shapes, abstract images or even simple lines to represent ideas, groups and consortium etc. For example some icons are colorless like that of Apple, Mercedes and certain news channels. They actually convey neutrality, balance or a message of calmness. Toblerone, one of the finest chocolate companies from Bern, Switzerland has a hidden silhouette in its Icon. A bear in mountain illustration conveys the product to be originally from Bern, The City of Bears. Icon used by Baskin Robbins flashes a figure of 31 whenever seen or reminded of. Similarly an arrow that forms a smiley under amazon.com has a tail on ‘A’ and head on letter ‘Z’. It conveys availability of almost everything one needs (Ad par 4 -8). These icons convey in variety of ways and are helpful in marketing of products and services. With time some icons lose their attraction or magnetism in the face of human psychological process of habituation. People stop paying attention and sometime more attractive and imposing icons surface as competitors with better marketing stunt. Microsoft can be cited as an example. The internet explorer in Microsoft operating system is not being used by most

Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo Essay Example for Free

Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo Essay Both novels, the Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not) and the El Filibusterismo, (The Filibuster) inspired by the patriotic ideals of national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal, depict the abuses suffered by the native indios at the hands of Spanish tyrants. The Noli paints us an ugly, yet clear picture of the so-called social cancer that deteriorates the society. The first of those two masterfully-crafted works, the Noli lays the most liberal, realistic and fearless view of the countrys well-being during the 300-year Spanish regime. It illustrates the rotten system of governance, the illicit ways of the church and the unfavorable trade of the privilege class. The Noli also relates how the government, the church and the privilege class manipulate the people. The government deprives the youth of education and how they use the peoples ignorance to their advantage. The treacherous friars by means of God and faith controlled the people, making them dummies of all sorts. On the other hand, the privilege class used their elite status to get ahead of everybody, by hook or by crook employing the me first attitude. In the Noli, the weak and disposed seemingly lose hope resulting to unfortunate deaths (as the case Pilisopo Tasyo) and sometimes insanity. (as the case of Sisa) Hence the oppressed formed a brotherhood that hopes to liberate the country by use of force. To no avail, due to disorganization and lack of arms, each and every attempt at resistance failed. In Noli, the character of Juan Crisostomo Ibarra was introduced, an intelligent and promising young man who has high hopes of changing the course of the country.

ADHD and My Family: Searching for a More Scientific Explanation :: Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder

ADHD and My Family: Searching for a More Scientific Explanation My father, like many Asian immigrants, left India to pursue his educational goals in America in order to provide a better life for his family. He arrived in the U.S. with fourteen dollars in his coat pocket, a suitcase in his hands, and a will to succeed. For my father, in a place like America where opportunities were plentiful and where hard work actually paid off there was no excuse not to succeed. The practical translation of this belief meant that if his children worked hard in school there was nothing they too could not achieve. As such, in my father's household, not doing well in school was not an option. Because of his cultural background my father found my brother's poor performance in school incomprehensible. I too was puzzled by my brother's attitude towards school. He and I grew up in the same house with the same parents and the same set of values. Yet, he seemed to not care about school at all. For a long time, my family and I attributed my brother's C's in school and obvious inability to concentrate to laziness and a lack of motivation. My brother's diagnosis with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was both a welcomed explanation and a shock to my parents. On the one hand, my mother and father had begun to question their parenting abilities, and this allowed them to shift the blame from themselves. On the other hand, they had a very limited understanding of mental illness. In particular, the concept of mental illness itself was not something they were terribly familiar with. For my parents, problems of the mind were problems that existed within the scope of personal will power. In many ways, I partially subscribe to the world-view that my parents hold. As such, until recently, I've been skeptical of my brother's diagnosis. In particular, at the time, it seemed to me that distractibility was something that I too suffered from. I didn't enjoy forcing myself to concentrate, but I did it because I knew that I had to. In addition, my brother seemed perfectly capable of concentrating when he was playing soccer, watching the Discovery channel or playing video games. In my mind, his problems appeared to be that he was spoiled and didn't like being told what to do. In addition, I think that ADHD gave everyone in my family the excuse that they needed.

Baldwin Bicycle Company Essay

Baldwin Bicycle Company is its own independent bicycle shop that has been in business for almost 40 years. Last year Baldwin had sold 98,791 bikes which accounted for nearly $10 million in sales for 1982. Suzanne Lesiter is the marketing Vice President of Baldwin and has just been offered a proposition from Karl Knott, a buyer from Hi-Valu to possibly start producing bikes for them. Baldwin had never conducted any business with a chain department such as Hi-Valu since it was use to its own independent retailers. There were three conditions that must be met in order for the deal to be made between the two companies. The first condition is that Hi-Valu wants to have ready access to a large pool of inventory, but didn’t want ownership of the bicycles till it reached its stores or would pass the four month deadline of being held at their regional warehouses. Hi-Valu would then have 30 days to pay Baldwin. When looking at this new system of inventory, Baldwin will be adding new costs that have to deal with the regional warehouses of Hi-Valu. These asset related costs include record keeping costs of $7,156.38, inventory insurance of $2,146.91, state property tax of $5,009.46, inventory-handling of $22,066.13, and pilferage of $3,578.13. These relevant costs add up to about $39,957.07. Baldwin must also add other asset costs for the way the inventory system is being run. Baldwin will not expect to show any sales for at least the first two months considering most of their bikes will be at the regional warehouses. Even after they have been transported to one of Hi-Valu’s stores or have reached the four month deadline, Baldwin still has to wait an additional 30 days for their payment from Hi-Valu. These extra variable costs include materials for two months at $165,833.33, Work in Progress at $34,600, Finished Goods at $34,600, Goods at Hi Valu at $288,333.33, and the pay period of 30 days for the Accounts Receivable at $192,637.50. As a whole there are asset related costs of $755,594.57. This outweighs the relevant revenue that is gained from the â€Å"Challenger† series which makes for high capital investments which seem very risky. The fact that Baldwin must pay interest on the inventory also adds additional costs which skyrocket the relevant cost up to $1,427,419.15 at the worst case scenario of four months.

Groupon Case

9-511-094 REV: JUNE 13, 2011 SUNIL GUPTA RAY WEAVER DHARMISHTA ROOD Gro oupon n e as of On November 29, 2010, the technology industry wa buzzing with rumors o Google’s bid for Group pon, a two-y year-old web bsite that pro omoted daily deals offeri y ing deep dis scounts from local merch hants. Google reportedly offered at lea $3 billion, eclipsing a r e o ast rival $2 billion bid from Y Yahoo. And as Groupon re a esisted, Goog quickly rai gle ised its offer t as much as $6 billion. 1 to s Ind dustry expert and financ analysts were sharply divided on Google’s mo and Grou ts cial w y ove upon’s poten ntial value. A multibillion A n-dollar valua ation for a com mpany that is in a busines with virtua no s ss ally barrie to entry an is younger than my tod ers nd r ddler is absurd Forrester Research reta analyst Su d,† ail uchitra Mulpuru said blun 2 David Kirkpatrick, a former Fort ntly. K tune magazin columnist, sniffed, â€Å"Gro ne oupon isn’t even a techn nology company, for goo odness’ sake. It’s a discou unter that ha appens to us the se Intern net. †3 Bu others rega ut arded the company highl emphasizi ly, ing its specta acular growt Forbes cro th. wned Group pon the â€Å"fast test growing company ev ver,†4 while m media indust veteran a try and journalist John t Battel marveled, â€Å"I’ve never seen anything like it—we since Goog And just as Google la lle s g ell, gle. t apped the Ye ellow Pages in a fraction of the time, Gr n roupon seems to be on trac to do the sa s ck ame to Googl 5 le. † At the end of a frantic week, Groupon surprised m t n many observe by rejecti ers ing Google’s offer. Shortl after, the company anno ly ounced that it had raised $ $950 million f from private investors, and was d rumored to be laying the groun ndwork for an initial publ offering. T events pr a lic The rompted a br roader debat about whether Silicon Valley—whic had recent seen very high valuati te V ch tly y ions for Face ebook, Twitte and Zyn er, nga—was sho owing signs of another b bubble. Jeff Clavier, man naging partn at ner SoftTe VC and a well-known angel inves ech n stor, predicte â€Å"There m not be a b implosion but ed, may big n, down the road there will be a bu n unch of blood and tears. †6 d Com mpany Origins Gr roupon, a por rtmanteau of the words â€Å"group† and â€Å" f â€Å"coupon,† gr rew out of Th Point, an o he online comm munity for col llective action The site hel n. ped people p propose and promote soci campaigns such ial s as com mpany boyco and chari fundraiser Each camp otts ity rs. paign’s creato specified i â€Å"tipping p or its point,† the pa articipation le evel that was required befo supporter were called to act. The ti ore rs d ipping featur was re _______ _______________ ____ ___________ ________________ _______________ _______________ _______________ ________________ ______ Professo Sunil Gupta an Ray Weaver an Research Asso ors nd nd ociate Dharmishta Rood prepared th case. The auth his hors thank Paul Bu utler for contribu uting to online dat collection. This case was develope from published sources. HBS case are developed solely as the basis f class ta c ed es for discussi ion. Cases are not in ntended to serve as endorsements, sources of primary d s data, or illustrations of effective or ineffective manageme s ent. Copyrig  © 2011 Presiden and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce ma ght nt H T n aterials, call 1-800-5 545-7685, write Ha arvard Business School Publishing, Bo oston, MA 02163, or go to www. hbsp o p. harvard. edu/edu ucators. This publica ation may not be d digitized, photoco opied, or otherwise reproduced, poste or transmitted, without the permis ed, w ssion of Harvard Bu usiness School. This document is authorized for use only by Boshen Wang in MACC 402 – Groupon taught by William Forster from August 2011 to December 2011. For the exclusive use of B. WANG 511-094 Groupon designed to allocate the community’s resources only when a campaign had broad support. It also gave advocates of a cause an incentive to recruit others. The Point was founded in 2007 by Andrew Mason, then a master’s student in public policy at the University of Chicago. When an investor approached him with a funding offer, Mason decided to drop out of school and focus on the project full-time. But with an audience too small for advertising to sustain it, The Point initially struggled to generate revenue. Then Mason noticed that many of the most popular campaigns banded consumers together to get volume discounts from retailers. He decided to try pre-arranging similar deals and promoting them on the site for commissions. 7 The experiment was such a success that in November 2008, it was spun off as a separate business, with 27year-old Mason its Founder and CEO. Two hallmarks of Groupon—a focus on local merchants and a self-imposed limit to a single promotion each day—were designed to cope with minimal scale and resources. Mason explained: Have a different [offer] but only one every day so our very small community will still be large enough so that if we channel it all into one thing we’ll be able to achieve the critical mass that we need in order to make a success†¦. That’s part of why we went local. It became possible to go around to the people in our office building for starters. We kicked it off with just 500 people that we got signed up on our mailing list. Sales representatives began pitching merchants across Chicago on the idea of promoting their businesses by selling aggressively discounted vouchers for services to Groupon’s customer base. In return, Groupon would take a cut of each sale. The concept resonated with both business owners and consumers, and Groupon quickly expanded to other cities , beginning with Boston, New York, and San Francisco. After six months, the company had run more than 100 deals and had acquired 60,000 email subscribers. 9 Running and Marketing Groupon Promotions Merchant Profiles and Sales To generate deals, Groupon initially relied on an inside sales team in Chicago that called on local merchants around the country, closing business over the phone and email. Over time, it also began building an outside sales force of account executives based in local markets, starting with large population centers and other cities in which its business had grown rapidly. Though Groupon featured a wide variety of businesses, some themes emerged. Services predominated, though deals for products were not uncommon, especially baked goods and other foods. There was a strong emphasis on leisure, entertainment and recreation (Table A), and occasionally on novel experiences such as helicopter tours and exotic car rentals. Utilitarian services were less popular. One early flop was pet daycare: â€Å"We learned over time that people don’t want to experiment with who is watching their animal,† a company spokesperson explained. 10 2 This document is authorized for use only by Boshen Wang in MACC 402 – Groupon taught by William Forster from August 2011 to December 2011. For the exclusive use of B. WANG Groupon 5 511-094 Table A e Merchan Category Mix nt M Category C Activities A Dining D Salon & Spa S Merchandise M Membership (e. g. Gym) M Tourism T Hotel H % of Deals 29% 28% 20% 15% 7% 1% 1% Source: Steve Carpenter, â€Å"What Makes Groupon Tick,† TechCrunch, Ma 2, 2010. Based on analysis of a deals run in Q 2010. s † ay d all Q1 A survey cond ducted by mar rketing servic firm Merc ces chantCircle fo ound that loca businesses faced al a vari iety of challen nges in reach hing customer For one th rs. hing, they had very tight b d budgets: more than e half of the 8,500 bu o usinesses surv veyed spent le than $2,50 on marketi annually. They often lacked ess 00 ing . he expertise to adopt new media and te a m echnologies (Figure A). Consequentl the lure of an ly, outsourced online promotion with no up-fro expense w compellin And comp w ont was ng. pared to tradi itional adver rtising, Group pon’s impact was relatively easy to obse w y erve and mea asure. Figur A re Local Business Mark B keting Budgets and Preferr Outl ets red Facebook or other social me edia pro? le Online yell low pages or local n news site Custom emails mer Blog Print yell low pages Direct mail D Print n newspaper 0% 10% 20% 30% 4 40% 50% 60% 70% Source: MerchantCircl Merchant Con le nfidence Index su urvey, February 2 2011. Prepa aring the De eal When a merch hant signed on for a prom o motion, it wo orked with G Groupon to d decide the sp pecific produ or service to be offered and its disco uct d ounted price, ordinarily at least 50% of list. As wit The , ff th Point’ social camp ’s paigns, the de was valid only if the nu eal umber of buy yers achieved a tipping poi set int by the merchant. Other terms included the voucher’s ex e O xpiration date and, in som cases, lim on e me mits 3 This document is authorized for use only by Boshen Wang in MACC 402 – Groupon taught by William Forster from August 2011 to December 2011. For the exclusive use of B. WANG 11-094 Groupon individual or total purchases. Groupon’s standard agreement was a 50/50 split of voucher revenues, but merchants sometimes negotiated better terms. Groupon’s editorial staff wrote advertising copy to promote each offer. Their descriptions were intended to be entertaining as well as informative, oft en striking an irreverent and offbeat tone. One early deal for a Swedish massage, for example, was accompanied by a FAQ that read: Q: Where is Sweden? A: Sweden is a moon colony where aliens have been teaching American astronauts advanced massage technique for hundreds of years. Q: What is so special about a Swedish massage? A: First of all, the technique comes from outer space. Second of all, it is very advanced. Finally, it relieves the body of lots of stress. Q: How big are the masseuses’ hands at Lincoln Park Massage? A: Good question, for hand size is extremely important in massage. They’re a size 25 on average. Q: That’s not like, disgustingly large monster hands, is it? A: No, that’s just a little above average for humans. Perfect for masseuses. Q: There’s gotta be a catch. Where is the fine print? A: There is no fine print. Here are the completely reasonable stipulations on today’s deal in totally normal size print†¦. The deal terms, ad copy and an accompanying photograph were then assembled for online presentation (see Exhibit 1 for an example, and Exhibit 2 for representative deals in selected cities). Groupon scheduled promotions according to merchant preferences, though it sometimes committed only to a launch window rather than a specific date. Running the Deal Consumers signed up at Groupon. com to get their city’s daily deals, and could request notifications via email, Facebook or Twitter feeds. Each deal was posted online at midnight; outgoing alerts followed in the early morning. Most Groupons were available for purchase for only 24 hours, and a virtual hourglass counted down the remaining time. The deal page also showed a running tally of vouchers sold throughout the day. Groupon processed consumers’ online transactions, then paid out the merchant’s cut of the revenue in three equal installments 5, 30, and 60 days later. Online accounts contained each subscriber’s available Groupons, which could be printed in advance or presented to the merchant on a smartphone. Groupons for online stores included a unique code to be entered at checkout. Although the vast majority of Groupons featured local businesses, national brands were occasionally promoted with deals that were coordinated across cities. Groupon ran its first such deal in August 2010 with The Gap, offering $50 worth of merchandise for $25. It was a huge hit, generating $11 million on sales of 445,000 units. 11 Subsequent offers from Nordstrom Rack and Barnes & Noble were even more popular. And in February 2011, a deal touting new routes on Virgin America sold out in eight minutes. 12 These big promotions generated buzz that increased Groupon’s brand awareness and motivated new customers to sign up. This document is authorized for use only by Boshen Wang in MACC 402 – Groupon taught by William Forster from August 2011 to December 2011. For the exclusive use of B. WANG Groupon 511-094 Groupon Subscribers Marketing Groupon to Consumers Many people first learned about Groupon when friends or family alerted them to deals through email and social media. T o encourage this word of mouth, Groupon gave customers $10 toward a future purchase for each referral. 13 It also set up an affiliate marketing program for bloggers and websites to earn commissions of up to 15% on referred traffic. 4 Facebook and Twitter were Groupon’s top referring sites, accounting for 44% and 8% of traffic respectively in January 2010. 15 Groupon also got attention for a contest in which one customer was challenged to â€Å"Live Off Groupon† for an entire year. This â€Å"Groupawn† would be provided an unlimited supply of Groupons for things to eat, do, and buy across America, but could not spend any cash. If successful, he would win a $100,000 prize. Several hundred hopefuls applied, and 28-year-old Chicagoan Josh Stevens was chosen as the winner. Stevens began the challenge in May 2010, posting updates and pictures in various social media along the way. 6 Over time, Groupon began supplementing these efforts with paid advertising, spending h eavily on Google AdWords and AdSense. And in February 2011, the company launched its first TV campaign with a Super Bowl ad, for which each spot cost a reported $3 million. 17 The campaign tried to capture Groupon’s quirky sense of humor, but became a lightning rod for controversy. Each spot featured a celebrity who first appeared to be promoting a social or political cause, then segued into a Groupon endorsement. Actor Timothy Hutton, for example, intoned: The people of Tibet are in trouble. Their very culture is in jeopardy. But they still whip up an amazing fish curry. And since 200 of us bought at Groupon. com, we’re getting $30 of Himalayan food for just $15 at a Himalayan restaurant in Chicago. Many people took offense, accusing Groupon of trivializing and exploiting the Tibetans’ plight. Although Groupon was the second-most mentioned Super Bowl advertiser in online discussions, much of the conversation was unflattering: negative sentiment spiked from 10% in January to 60% the day after the game. 18 One viewer tweeted, â€Å"Groupon seems to have achieved the unique feat of paying $3M to lose customers who previously loved them. 19 Mason initially defended the campaign as tongue-in-cheek, but when criticism persisted, he decided to pull the ads. 20 Consumer Response Groupon became very popular among a customer base that tended to be young, well-educated, unmarried, and relatively affluent. Over three-fourths of subscribers were women (Exhibit 3). Consumers enthused not only about the m oney Groupon saved them, but also about its convenience, variety, and other benefits. I Love Groupon! From my first purchase, I have been hooked. I have purchased several Groupons and have never had a problem redeeming them. The merchants have always been appreciative of my participation in the Deal. 21 I think I’ve gained weight trying all the restaurant and bakery deals! But that’s where the cycling and exercise deals come in, along with some pampering specials. I’m on a wellbalanced Groupon diet! 22 5 This document is authorized for use only by Boshen Wang in MACC 402 – Groupon taught by William Forster from August 2011 to December 2011. For the exclusive use of B. WANG 511-094 Groupo on Groupon al llows me to discover even d nts/activities in NYC—I’m a tourist in my hometow m wn 2 th hanks to this savvy group. 3 s Redem mptions typic cally began with a big su w urge in the f first month a after a deal w run, the was en declined to a fairly stea t ady, lower rat and finally spiked again shortly befo expiration (Figure B). te, y n ore n Figure B Typical Gro oupon Redem mption Pattern n Source: Me erchant Welcome Guide, downloa e aded from www w. groupon. com/p pages/day-of-yo our-feature. But so ome vouchers were never used. Buye sometime reported fe s r ers es eeling â€Å"Grou upon remorse e† when offe that had seemed irresi ers s istible became less appeal ling in retrosp pect. One Ch hicago residen nt recalled th hinking, â€Å"Wh doesn’t wa a Segway tour? † as he spent $160 for four tick ho ant y e kets, only to let them expire because he never got around using them. And a Boston wom with $25 in voucher h a g man 50 rs from vario group bu ous uying sites lam mented, â€Å"Ther just isn’t en re nough time in the day to d it all. I mad n do de a spreads sheet, and it’s so sad, the ey’re all com ming due. † Gr roupon didn’ disclose no ’t on-redemptio on rates, but various estim mates put the number betw e ween 10 and 30 percent. 4 Many state l laws, howeve er, stipulated that vouchers could be re d edeemed for their purchas price after e t se expiration, of ften for several years. Th remedy was explaine on Group his w ed pon’s websit though it was unclea how man te, t ar ny consumer were aware of it. rs e Value to Merchan t nts Positive Reactions R Many merchants he eartily endors Groupon for its ability to raise awa sed y areness, increa traffic, an ase nd 25 acquire ne customers Among them was Gerric Adachi, ow ew s. ck wner of Aiea G Grill in Portla and, Oregon:2 The concept is sheer genius The web-s e s. avvy, interac ctive format is so well th hought out forwar and backw rds wards. Who ever heard of acquiring 51 new, quali customers in one day e f 16 ity with no money up front? You were also righ about the G n w ht Groupon mem mber being a high grade custom mer, operatin at a sop ng phistication level far ab bove that o the typic of cal bargain hunter r/coupon cutter. Bill Ra aupp of San Diego Desserts concurred: â€Å"There is cle D : early no othe program th creates th er hat his brand aw wareness, with a positive direct effect to my bottom line. Groupo far outweighs any othe h d o m on er 26 advertisin or free adv ng vertising prog gram out there e. † 6 This document is authorized for use only by Boshen Wang in MACC 402 – Groupon taught by William Forster from August 2011 to December 2011. For the exclusive use of B. WANG Groupon 511-094 American Apparel ran a popular deal in which it offered $50 worth of clothing for $25, selling 133,000 vouchers. Afterwards, a company insider listed several positive effects. First, customers spent an average of $20 above the voucher’s face value when cashing in the deal. The promotion also attracted many new customers: â€Å"The killer was email address acquisition†¦. We converted approximately 25% of in store redemptions into signing up for our email list†¦ which is on track to generate an additional five to six figures in online revenue. † Finally, American Apparel negotiated a contract that gave Groupon â€Å"much much less than half† of the v oucher revenue. 27 Negative Reactions Despite such enthusiasm, Groupon’s effect on merchant profitability was hotly debated. One wellpublicized critique came from the owner of Posie’s Bakery and Cafe, who called using Groupon â€Å"the single worst decision I have ever made as a business owner†: I [told the Groupon sales representative] we would have to get at least 50% to cover our costs of product†¦. What I didn’t think clearly enough about was that that margin we mark up is what covers all of our other costs†¦ like staff, rent, utilities, etc. Our overhead is roughly $25,000/month, and this decision was about to make it so that we didn’t cover any of those other costs. [W]e met many, many wonderful new customers, and were so happy to have them join the Posie’s family. At the same time we met many, many terrible Groupon customers†¦ customers that didn’t follow the Groupon rules and used multiple Groupons for single transactions, and argued with you about it with disgusted looks on their faces, or who tipped based on what they owed (10% of $0 is zero dollars, so tossing in a dime was to them being generous). After three months of Groupons coming through the door, I started to see the results really hurting us financially. There came a time when we literally could not make payroll because at that point in time we had lost nearly $8,000 with our Groupon campaign. 28 U. S. Toy, a retailer in Kansas City, was also unsatisfied. It offered $20 worth of merchandise for $10, half of which went to Groupon. Customers snapped up 2,800 coupons, but managers became discouraged by their shopping patterns. Co-CEO Jonathan Freiden said, â€Å"It didn’t drive in new people, and the people that were coming in didn’t spend even our average sale. It was just sad. † He estimated that U. S. Toy lost money on three-quarters of the transactions, and that 90% of purchasers were existing customers. 29 Profit Drivers It became clear that the success of any particular daily deal depended on a ariety of factors, including the mix of new versus existing customers, upside spending at the time of redemption, and success in converting discount buyers into regular customers. Several surveys tried to measure these and assess merchant satisfaction, often with contrasting results (Table B). b a American Apparel’s gross profits averaged 53% of sales, accor ding to MSN Money. b Customer mix was not measured in any of these surveys. It was believed to vary widely, but a common assumption was that half of Groupon buyers were new customers. 7 This document is authorized for use only by Boshen Wang in MACC 402 – Groupon taught by William Forster from August 2011 to December 2011. For the exclusive use of B. WANG 511-094 Groupon Table B Merchant Surveys about Experiences with Groupon and Other Daily Deals Merchant Responses Not reported 80 150 1,568 Promotional Partner(s) Groupon Groupon and others Groupon Groupon and others Spending Over Face Value avg redeemer spent 60% over face value Not asked 41% of redeemers exceeded face value Not asked % of Redeemers Who Made 1+ Repeat Visit 22% 19% 25% Not asked % of Merchants Who Would Run Another Deal 95% 93% 57% 45% Source Groupon Yipit daily deal aggregator Rice University marketing prof. MerchantCircle Sources: www. grouponworks. com/why-groupon; Ian Sherr, â€Å"Online Coupons Get Smarter,† The Wall Street Journal, August 25, 2010; Jim Moran, â€Å"Local Social Commerce: The Explosion of Group Buying,† blog. yipit. com, August 19, 2010; Utpal Dholakia, â€Å"How Effective Are Groupon Promotions for Business? †, September 28, 2010; MerchantCircle Merchant Confidence Index survey, February 2011. One cartoonist, poking fun at business owners’ potential naivete, summed up the dilemma this way: while Groupon â€Å"may bring in lots of customers,† merchants might â€Å"lose money on every sale† (Exhibit 4). Groupon, however, argued that bad outcomes were rare: 95% of merchants it surveyed were satisfied with their Groupon experience, and 96% would recommend it to others. 30 And in August 2010, the company reported a waiting list of 35,000 businesses. 31 Aggressive Growth Encouraged by its early success, Groupon expanded rapidly, replicating its model in new markets. By the end of 2009, the company operated in about 30 U. S. and Canadian cities, and business seemed to be booming in nearly every location (see Exhibit 5 for a sample). In 2010, Groupon set its sights on foreign territories, primarily by acquiring companies that had copied its model in their home countries—first in Western Europe, then South America, then Asia and elsewhere. The pace of this expansion was perhaps unprecedented: a little more than two years after its founding, Groupon had operations in more than 500 markets in 43 countries (Table C). One media outlet marveled, â€Å"We can’t think of a company—ever—that is so aggressive about going international so big, so fast. 32 The urgency was driven in part by the sense that an early mover could establish a lasting advantage. But some observers questioned Groupon’s ability to leverage its brand and experience overseas. 8 This document is authorized for use only by Boshen Wang in MACC 402 – Groupon taught by William Forster from August 2011 to December 2011. For the exclusive use of B. WANG Groupon 511-094 Table C Groupon’s Expansion Date Nov 08 Mar 09 Jun 09 Sep 09 Dec 09 Mar 10 Jun 10 Sep 10 Dec 10 Mar 11 Countries 1 1 1 1 1 1 18 29 35 43 Cities 1 2 7 18 28 40 150 230 300 500 Subscribers (Worldwide) Savings to Datea (North America) 50k 700k 1. 7M 3M 6M 13M 50M 60M $4. 5M $18M $42M $100M $285M $400M $900M a Aggregate consumer savings on Groupons sold in North American markets. Aggregate worldwide savings were $1,800M as of March 2011. Source: Compiled from company press releases archived at www. groupon. com/press. These acquisitions were funded in part by several rounds of venture capital financing: $30 million in December 2009, $135 million in April 2010, and $950 million in January 2011. As a result of its efforts, Groupon’s revenue exploded from $33 million in 2009 to $760 million in 2010. 33 Still, significant upside remained: only 6. % of respondents to the MerchantCircle survey had run a Groupon pro motion, with another 13% planning to do so in the coming months. And the local advertising market was estimated at $100 billion in the U. S. alone. 34 Growing Pains Groupon’s growth created significant management challenges, not least of which was the training and integration of newly hired and acquired personnel. The company ended 2010 with over 4,000 employees, up from just 120 the year before. 35 By comparison, Facebook’s employee count was less than 100 after two years in business, and around 2,000 in early 2011. This environment occasionally contributed to service failures and other snafus. One Groupon in Yokohama, Japan marketed home delivery from a local restaurant of osechi, a traditional New Year’s meal. Demand overwhelmed the business, and many osechi sets arrived late or in poor condition. In response, Mason posted an apology on YouTube, conceding that his company had â€Å"really messed up. † Customers were given refunds and credited 5,000 yen toward future purchases. 36 Another incident involved an FTD Valentine’s Day promotion. When browsing FTD’s website to redeem their purchases, customers noticed flower arrangements with sale prices (for which their vouchers weren’t valid) below the Groupon discounted price. Some accused FTD of overstating its retail prices to make the offer seem more attractive. FTD and Groupon denied this and called the situation a misunderstanding. Again, refunds were offered to the affected customers. 37 Groupons also sometimes adversely affected a merchant’s regular patrons, as one customer expressed in an online vent: I go to a Sushi bar who has offered a Groupon promotion. When I arrive there, I encounter a busy, under-staffed, ran-out-of-menu items restaurant where my full price is subsidizing the half-off diners who have destroyed a perfectly fine business for the next few days after the 9 This document is authorized for use only by Boshen Wang in MACC 402 – Groupon taught by William Forster from August 2011 to December 2011. For the exclusive use of B. WANG 511-094 Groupon Groupon offer. It works for merchandise. For services, a Groupon success is a curse for regular customers/patrons. 8 To alleviate such problems, Groupon undertook a variety of measures, notably the expansion of its customer service organization to 1,000 employees. The company also rolled out new services to help merchants run promotions smoothly, including a capacity planning tool and a smartphone app for voucher verification and redemption. 39 Widespread Competition For all Groupon’s acclaim as a web darling—media had hailed it as â€Å"the next web phenomâ € 40 and â€Å"the it digital phenomenon of the moment†41—the operation was at its core remarkably simple. Groupon neither held inventory nor carried out fulfillment, relying instead on its merchant partners. Much of the technology required—email broadcasting, transaction processing, and a website that was fairly basic by Web 2. 0 standards—was mature and fairly cheap. In principle, nearly any organization with a customer database and a business sales function could offer its own daily deals. Accordingly, competitors sprang up in droves, numbering nearly 300 in the U. S. by early 2011. 42 Many closely imitated not only Groupon’s business model, but its look and feel as well (Exhibit 6). The largest of these rivals was Washington, D. C. -based LivingSocial. Although significantly smaller than Groupon, LivingSocial was also growing rapidly, and in January 2011 got a big boost by promoting $20 Amazon gift cards at half off. (Amazon had recently invested $175 million in the company. 43) Nearly 1. 2 million customers took the deal. By March, LivingSocial had 24 million subscribers, and was operating in more than 200 cities across 11 countries. 44 Established e-commerce properties also scrambled to participate in the daily deals phenomenon. Some of these served particular niches, such as OpenTable (restaurants), The Knot (wedding services), and Travelzoo (travel). A cottage industry of aggregators also emerged. These sites sourced no deals themselves, instead collecting and presenting a summary of others’ offers to earn commissions on referred traffic. But despite the onslaught, Groupon held a domestic market share of over 50%. 45 Some competitors tried to win merchants over by offering lower fees or leveraging other media. One of these was Double Take Deals, launched by Clipper Magazine, America’s largest distributor of local coupon magazines. The owner of Haydn Zug’s restaurant in Lancaster, PA, was persuaded. When I learned that Double Take Deals could pay out a higher percentage than Groupon,† he said, â€Å"I was intrigued. But when they offered me a free full-page ad in Clipper Magazine too, it sealed the deal. I knew that was something no one else could offer. †46 But perhaps the biggest threat came from the web heavyweights. Spurned by Groupon, Google began developing a competing service of its own cal led Google Offers. Industry experts expected Offers to promote deals that were relevant to a consumer’s current location, tying them to mobile phones and Google Maps (Exhibit 7). 7 Similarly, Facebook launched a location-aware product called Facebook Deals. It offered merchants a menu of promotions to suit different objectives, such as attracting new customers or encouraging repeat visits (Exhibit 8). Groupon 2. 0 To stay ahead of competitors, Groupon was developing a variety of innovations, sometimes collectively referred to as â€Å"Groupon 2. 0†. One of these was Groupon Stores, which enabled merchants 10 This document is authorized for use only by Boshen Wang in MACC 402 – Groupon taught by William Forster from August 2011 to December 2011. For the exclusive use of B. WANG Groupon 511-094 to set up virtual storefronts on Groupon’s website. From its store, each merchant could launch selfservice deals of its choosing, dictating the number and frequency of offers (Exhibit 9). Groupon took a commission of 10% of sales, rather than its customary 50%, on these promotions. Because this meant that consumers would have access to more than one deal at a time, Groupon created Deal Feed to collect and personalize each subscriber’s current offers. But the reception for these was lukewarm. One industry insider, noting that Groupon had quietly removed the â€Å"My Deal Feed† link from its navigation header, speculated that Groupon Stores was â€Å"dead on arrival. †48 A more ambitious initiative was Groupon Now. Its vision—similar to those of Google’s and Facebook’s new products—was to offer just-in-time, hyper-local promotions on GPS-equipped smartphones. Groupon Now featured a simple two-button interface: â€Å"I’m Hungry† and â€Å"I’m Bored. † The product was still in trials, but Mason made his ambitions clear: â€Å"It makes Google’s market look quite small if we get it right. It’s really tapping into the largest part of commerce in the U. S. —local. †49 Looking Ahead In a little more than two years, Groupon had transformed from an unknown startup into a global enterprise with 6,000 employees in more than 40 countries. A few months after Groupon turned down Google’s $6 billion offer, Bloomberg Businessweek reported that the company was in negotiations with bankers for an initial public offering that could value the company at $25 billion. 50 To some, Groupon appeared to be an unstoppable juggernaut. But detractors rattled off a laundry list of concerns. Could Groupon maintain the high fees it extracted from merchants? Would it be able to fight off Google, Facebook, and an army of copycats? Was the daily deals phenomenon a hot fad that would inevitably cool off? Some even questioned Groupon’s fundamental business model: did it deliver lasting value to merchants? Forrester’s Suchitra Mulpuru warned, â€Å"Everyone thinks this hyper growth is going to continue. If these merchants come to realize these consumers are not coming back, they’re not going to do more Groupons. And if they don’t do more Groupons the whole model falls apart. †51 Andrew Mason was acutely aware of these risks, laying them out in a 2010 year-end internal memo that cautioned his employees against complacency and challenged them to secure Groupon’s place among the great Internet businesses:52 Not only must we continue to beat the thousands of clones who lifted our idea and began at roughly the same time as we did, but now we must also beat the biggest, smartest technology companies in the world. They are coming HARD. If you feel a little like Frodo climbing Mount Doom, you can’t be blamed. Is it hopeless? How can we avoid the fate of the Internet darlings before us – Yahoo, MySpace, Friendster, AOL – that crashed as magnificently as they rose? Companies don’t lose to competitors – they lose to themselves. MySpace lost to itself, not Facebook. MySpace essentially handed Facebook the keys to the castle by devolving into a service that wasn’t delighting its customers. For whatever reason, it got stuck. It stopped innovating. By this time next year, we will either be on our way to becoming one of the great technology brands that define our generation, or a cool idea by people who were out executed and out innovated by others that were smarter and harder working. 11 This document is authorized for use only by Boshen Wang in MACC 402 – Groupon taught by William Forster from August 2011 to December 2011. For the exclusive use of B. WANG 511-094 Groupon o Exhibit 1 Example Daily Deal D Source: Gro oupon. com. 12 This document is authorized for use only by Boshen Wang in MACC 402 – Groupon taught by William Forster from August 2011 to December 2011. For the exclusive use of B. WANG Groupon 511-094 Exhibit 2 Deal Profiles for Groupons Run in Various Cities Median Deal Terms City Austin, TX Boston, MA Charlotte, NC Chicago, IL Kansas City, MO Omaha, NE Phoenix, AZ San Francisco, CA Tampa, FL Vancouver, BC Launch Date Sep 2009 Mar 2009 Oct 2009 Oct 2008 Nov 2009 Feb 2010 Aug 2009 Jun 2009 Sep 2009 Apr 2010 Voucher Price $43 $42 $32 $37 $31 $29 $33 $42 $28 $46 Retail Value $110 $109 $86 $94 $90 $85 $96 $106 $82 $116 Tipping Point 59 94 25 130 51 24 37 56 42 54 Months Valid 5. 7 7. 6 7. 7 7. 3 7. 4 6. 6 7. 1 8. 1 7. 7 6. 9 Source: Compiled by case writers from deals run 10/08 – 12/10, archived on Groupon. com and ThePoint. com. 13 This document is authorized for use only by Boshen Wang in MACC 402 – Groupon taught by William Forster from August 2011 to December 2011. For the exclusive use of B. WANG 511-094 Groupo on Exhibit 3 Groupon User Demogra U aphics Source: http p://www. group ponworks. com/w why-groupon/demographics. e 14 This document is authorized for use only by Boshen Wang in MACC 402 – Groupon taught by William Forster from August 2011 to December 2011. For the exclusive use of B. WANG Groupon 511-094 Exhib 4 bit A Cart toonist’s Take e Source: Tom Fishburn Marketoonist. com. ne, 15 This document is authorized for use only by Boshen Wang in MACC 402 – Groupon taught by William Forster from August 2011 to December 2011. For the exclusive use of B. WANG 511-094 Groupon o Exhibit 5 Quarterly Results in Sel R lected Cities Source: Com mpiled by case writers from arch w hived deal results on Groupon. co m and ThePoint s o t. com. 16 This document is authorized for use only by Boshen Wang in MACC 402 – Groupon taught by William Forster from August 2011 to December 2011. For the exclusive use of B. WANG Groupon 5 511-094 Exhib 6 bit Some Competing Daily Deals C D Sources LivingSocial. com, BuyWithM s: Me. com, and GiltCity. com. C 17 This document is authorized for use only by Boshen Wang in MACC 402 – Groupon taught by William Forster from August 2011 to December 2011. For the exclusive use of B. WANG 511-094 Groupon o Exhibit 7 Sample De from Goog Offers eal gle Source: http p://techcrunch. c com/2011/01/25 5/sneak-peak-google-offers/. o 18 This document is authorized for use only by Boshen Wang in MACC 402 – Groupon taught by William Forster from August 2011 to December 2011. For the exclusive use of B. WANG Groupon 511-094 Exhib 8 bit Facebo Deals ook Source: http://www. f facebook. com/deals/. e 19 This document is authorized for use only by Boshen Wang in MACC 402 – Groupon taught by William Forster from August 2011 to December 2011. For the exclusive use of B. WANG 511-094 Groupo on Exhibit 9 Groupon Stores S Source: http p://www. group pon. com/merchants/welcome. a 20 This document is authorized for use only by Boshen Wang in MACC 402 – Groupon taught by William Forster from August 2011 to December 2011. For the exclusive use of B. WANG Groupon 511-094 Endnotes Evelyn Rusli and Claire Miller, â€Å"Google Is Said to Be Poised to Buy Groupon,† DealBook, The New York Times, November 30, 1010, http://dealbook. nytimes. com/2010/11/30/google-is-said-to-be-close-to-buyinggroupon/? ref=grouponinc, accessed December 2010. Evelyn Rusli and Jenna Wortham, â€Å"Google Gambit for Groupon Raises Concern,† DealBook, The New York Times, November 30, 2010, http://dealbook. nytimes. com/2010/11/30/googles-gambit-for-groupon-raisesconcerns/? partner=rss&emc=rss, accessed December 2010. 3 Tiernan Ray, â€Å"Does Google’s Groupon Deal Make Sense? Barron’s, December 4, 2010, http://online. barrons. com/article/SB50001424052970204033804575645052537926526. html? mod=BOL_twm_col, accessed December 2010. 4 Christopher Steiner, â€Å"Meet the Fastest Growing Company Ever,† Forbes. com, August 30, 2010, http://www. forbes. com/forbes/2010/0830/entrepreneurs-groupon-facebook-twitter-next-webphenom_2. html, accessed February 2011. 2 1 John Battelle, â€Å"Thinking Out Loud: What’s Driving Groupon? † businessinsider. com, December 19, 2010, http://www. businessinsider. com/battelle-groupon-2010-12#ixzz1CGRvk7Sb, accessed February 2011. Jenna Wortham and Evelyn Rusli, â€Å"A Silicon Bubble Shows Signs of Reinflating,† DealBook, The New York Times, December 3, 2010, http://dealbook. nytimes. com/2010/12/03/a-silicon-bubble-shows-signs-ofreinflating/, accessed December 2010. Christopher Steiner, â€Å"Meet the Fastest Growing Company Ever,† Forbes. com, August 30, 2010, http://www. forbes. com/forbes/2010/0830/entrepreneurs-groupon-facebook-twitter-next-webphenom_2. html, accessed February 2011. 8 9 7 6 5 Ibid. â€Å"Groupon Saves Consumers More Than $1 Million in Less Than Six Months Chicagoans, Bostonians Save Big Using Daily Discount Website,† Globenewswire. om, April 22, 2009, http://www. globenewswire. com/ newsroom/news. html? d=163568, accessed February 2011. 10 â€Å"Daily Deals Dissected: Where the Popular Offers are and Who is Buying,† mint. com, December 24, 2010, http://www. mint. com/blog/trends/groupon-12142010/, accessed February 2011. 11 Wailin Wong, â€Å"Gap’s Gro upon Pulls in $11 Million,† ChicagoTribune. com, August 20, 2010, http://articles. chicagotribune. com/2010-08-20/business/sc-biz-0821-groupon-20100820_1_gender-and-zipcode-chicago-startup-coupon-site, accessed February 2011. 12 Owen Thomas, â€Å"Can Groupon Take to the Skies with its First Airline Deal? venturebeat. com, February 17, 2011, http://venturebeat. com/2011/02/17/groupon-virgin-america/, accessed February 2011. 13 â€Å"New on Groupon: Referral Rewards,† goupon. com, October 5, 2009, http://www. groupon. com/blog/ cities/new-on-groupon-referral-rewards/, accessed February 2011. 14 â€Å"Groupon: Collective Buying Power,† groupon. com, http://www. groupon. com/pages/affiliates, accessed February 2011. 15 Lindsay Steinbach, â€Å"Do You Groupon? † blog. compete. com, March 10, 2010, http://blog. compete. com/2010/ 03/10/do-you-groupon/, accessed February 2011. 16 â€Å"One Brave Soul. Living only off Groupons,† http://liveoffgroupon. com/about/, accessed February 2011. 17 Stuart Elliott, â€Å"Super Bowl Marketers Try to Score Points, Too, nytimes. com, January 31, 2011. http://www. nytimes. com/2011/02/01/business/media/01adcol. html? _r=1&scp=3&sq=groupon&st=cse, accessed February 2011. 18 â€Å"Like new customers? Then you’ll love Groupon,† grouponworks. com, http://www. grouponworks. com/, accessed February 2011. 21 This document is authorized for use only by Boshen Wang in MACC 402 – Groupon taught by William Forster from August 2011 to December 2011. For the exclusive use of B. WANG 511-094 Groupon Laurie Segall, â€Å"Groupon Spends Big on Controversial (Tasteless? ) Super Bowl Spots,† money. cnn. com, February 7, 2011, http://money. cnn. com/2011/02/06/technology/groupon_superbowl_ad/index. htm, accessed February 2011. Wailin Wong, â€Å"Groupon Pulls Controversial Tibet Ad,† chicagobreakingbusiness. com, February 11, 2011, http://chicagobreakingbusiness. com/2011/02/groupon-pulls-controversial-tibet-ad. html, accessed February 2011. 21 22 23 20 19 http://amplicate. com/love/groupon, opinion by User-7855g5, posted Jan 27 2011, accessed March 2011. http://www. roupon. com/press, accessed March 2011. Ibid. 24 Beth Teitell, â€Å"For Coupon Overreachers, a Chance to Recoup,† The Boston Globe, March 9, 2011, http://www. boston. com/lifestyle/articles/2011/03/09/market_for_groupon_remors e_allows_users_to_unload _coupons, accessed March 2011. â€Å"Too Much of a Good Thing? † groupon. com, September 16, 2010, http://www. groupon. co m/blog/cities/ too-much-of-a-good-thing, accessed February 2011. â€Å"What do you get with Groupon that you don’t get anywhere else? † grouponworks. com, http://www. grouponworks. com/why-groupon, accessed February 2011. William Wei, â€Å"American Apparel Source Raves about a $3 Million Groupon Deal—Reveals Sales Numbers that Will Erase ‘Ongoing Doubts about Groupon’,† BusinessInsider. com, December 14, 2010, http://www. businessinsider. com/american-apparel-groupon-2010-12, accessed March 2011. â€Å"Groupon in Retrospect,† posiecafe. com, September 11, 2010 http://posiescafe. com/wp/? p=316, accessed February 2011. Shira Ovide, â€Å"Groupon Merchant: ‘There’s a Flaw in their Business’,† DealJournal, WSJ. com, January 7, 2011, http://blogs. wsj. com/deals/2011/01/07/a-groupon-customer-speaks-why-groupon-didnt-work-for-me, accessed January 2011. 0 â€Å"What do you get with Groupon that you don’t get anywhere else? † grouponworks. com, http://www. grouponworks. com/why-groupon, accessed February 2011. 31 Rolfe Winkler, â€Å"Groupon Has a Chance to Cash This One In,† online. wsj. com, January 24, 2011, http://online. wsj. com/article/SB10001424052748703398504576100203631870050. html? KEYWORDS=groupon, accessed February 2011. 32 Pascal-Emmanuel Gobry, â€Å"Groupon Buys Up Competitors in Israel, South Africa, and India,† businesssinsider. com, January 11, 2011, http://www. businessinsider. com/groupon-snaps-up-more-internationalcompetitors-2011-1, accessed February 2011. 9 28 27 26 25 Michael Hickins, â€Å"The Groupon Frodo Memo,† WSJ Digits, February http://blogs. wsj. com/digits/2011/02/25/the-groupon-frodo-memo/, accessed March 2011. 33 25, 10, 2011, 2011, Bill Saporito, â€Å"The Groupon Clipper,† Time, February http://www. time. com/time/business/article/0,8599,2047215-1,00. html, accessed February 2011. 35 34 Michael Hickins, â€Å"Groupon Revenue Hit $760 Million, CEO Memo Shows,† The Wall Street Journal, February 26, 2011, http://online. wsj. com/article/SB10001424052748703408604576164641411042376. html? mod= WSJ_Tech_LEFTTopNews, accessed March 2011. 6  "Groupon CEO Apologizes to Japan Customers for ‘Osechi’ Mess-Up,† japantoday. com, January 18, 2011, http://www. japantoday. com/category/national/view/groupon-ceo-apologizes-to-japanese-customers-forosechi-mess-up, accessed February 2011. 37 Tim Krisher, â€Å"Groupon Users Furious about FTD Flower Deal,† HuffingtonPost. com, February 13, 2011, http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2011/02/13/groupon-ftd-deal_n_822360. html, accessed March 2011. 22 This document is authorized for use only by Boshen Wang in MACC 402 – Groupon taught by William Forster from August 2011 to December 2011. For the exclusive use of B. WANG Groupon 511-094 â€Å"Groupon CEO Apologizes to Japan Customers for ‘Osechi’ Mess-Up,† japantoday. com, January 18, 2011, http://www. japantoday. com/category/national/view/groupon-ceo-apologizes-to-japanese-customers-forosechi-mess-up, accessed February 2011. Kunur Patel, â€Å"Groupon Primes Itself to Become the Next Zappos,† AdAge Digital, March 1, 2011, http://adage. com/article/digital/groupon-primes-zappos/149141/, accessed March 2011. Christopher Steiner, â€Å"The Next Web Phenom,† forbes. com, September