Review of Related Literature - 3694 Words

Research Larvicidal activity of neem oil (Azadirachta indica) formulation against mosquitoesVirendra K Dua1 , Akhilesh C Pandey1 , Kamaraju Raghavendra2 , Ashish Gupta1 , Trilochan Sharma1 and Aditya P Dash2 1 National Institute of Malaria Research, Field Unit, Sector-III, BHEL, Hardwar 249043, India2 National Institute of Malaria Research, 22 Sham Nath Marg, Delhi 110054, Indiaauthor email corresponding author emailMalaria Journal 2009, 8:124doi:10.1186/1475-2875-8-124The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.malariajournal.com/content/8/1/124 Received: | 8 March 2009 | Accepted: | 8 June 2009 | Published: | 8 June 2009 |  © 2009 Dua et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an†¦show more content†¦Numerous plant products have been reported either as insecticides for killing larvae or adult mosquitoes or as repellents for mosquito biting and are one of the best alternatives for mosquito control [2,3].Neem trees, (Azadirachta indica) native of India, belonging to family Meliaceae are fast growing evergreen trees ranging in height from 12 – 24 m. They are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including semi-arid and wet- tropical regions [4]. Neem seeds contain approximately 99 biologically active compounds of which azadirachtin, nimbin, nimbidin and nimbolides are major molecules. Many of these derived products have antifeedancy, ovicidal activity, fecundity suppression besides insect growth regulation and repellency against insects [5-10]. Neem products have low toxicity to birds, fish and mammals and are less likely to induce resistance due to their multiple mode of action on insects. In addition to this, i nsect growth regulatory activity of neem weakens the cuticle defence system of the larvae causing easy penetration of pathogenic organisms into insect system. Azadirachtin, a biologically active compound has been promoted as a new insecticide that is considered more eco- friendly than synthetic insecticides. The pesticidal efficacy, environmental safetyShow MoreRelatedReview of Related Literature1643 Words   |  7 PagesReview of Related Literature The review of related literatures of this study is made here in the Philippines and in abroad. It is acquired from the internet and unpublished theses. It is nearly related on the relationship of computer game addiction to interpersonal relationship to adolescents especially, K-12 students. To enrich the background on the subject of the researcher, the literatures that were found are here in presented. A. Foreign Studies Based from the study of Mark Griffiths (2007)Read MoreReview of Related Literature668 Words   |  3 PagesReview of Related Literature This section deals with the literature and reading related to the variable of the study. This section also aims to show previous studies of money management which served as the fundamental assumption for the methodology used in the study. Sources of information were taken from the internet, books, journals, magazines, and newspapers. The money management and financial capabilities of CBAE students in the University of Mindanao reading helps the researchers in seeing theRead MoreReview of Related Literature1454 Words   |  6 PagesREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This investigatory project aims to make use of rambutan peeling extracts that is high in phenolic compounds such as tannin and saponin that exhibits antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Although the seeds contain such compounds the peeling exhibit greater amount of the said compounds. Rambutan is a very popular fruit cultivated in the Philippines and it is eaten in large amounts. The rambutans rind is quickly discarded andRead MoreReview of Related Literature and Studies1403 Words   |  6 PagesCHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Studies rely on information researched by the proponents. Review of Related Literature In exploration, we find new techniques, new knowledge, even develop new substances, gadgets, equipment, processes or procedures, imagination and skill is employed by the researcher. The commodities, new devices, services, in technology are needs of man for a better fuller life which is the concern of the research. These useful arts are the products of the technologicalRead MoreReview Of Related Literature And Studies1438 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies This part of the study contains related literature and studies after the thorough and in-depth research of the researcher. Related Literatures come from both Foreign and Local published literatures that became the basis for the researcher to pursue this study. Related Studies come from both Foreign and Local Studies that has relationship or in relation on her study. Foreign Literature Culture-shaping is a methodological and comprehensive approachRead MoreReview Of Related Literature And Studies Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesCHAPTER 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies This part of the study contains related literature and studies after the thorough and in-depth research of the researcher. Related literatures come from both foreign and local published literatures that became the basis for the researcher to pursue this study. Related studies come from both foreign and local studies that has relationship or in relation on her study. Foreign Literature Culture-shaping is a methodological and comprehensive approachRead MoreReview of Related Literature and Studies1069 Words   |  5 PagesCHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES LOCAL LITERATURE Josefina Estolas in the book Fundamentals of Research (1995). In exploration, we find new techniques, new knowledge, even develop new substances, gadgets, equipment, processes or procedures, imagination and skill is employed by the researcher. The commodities, new devices, services, in technology are needs of man for a better fuller life which is the concern of the research. These useful arts are the products of the technologicalRead MoreReview of Related Foreign Literature1844 Words   |  8 PagesREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies. It contains a review of books and studies on the subject matter conducted here and abroad and their relation to the present research. The researcher looked for a number of foreign and local studies and some related literatures that have either direct or indirect bearing to the study. Foreign Literature Student Retention Policy Department of Special Education, Counseling, and Student AffairsRead MoreReview of Related Literature and Studies3079 Words   |  13 PagesREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Several studies have been conducted here and abroad which have a direct and indirect bearing on the subject to be investigated in this study. A brief review of the related literature and studies are presented hereunder. Literature In the present educational system, studies based on the achievement levels of elementary and secondary students revealed that the equality of education has deteriorated over the years. In a recent UNESCO statistics Barsaga (2000)Read MoreReview Of Related Literature And Studies1921 Words   |  8 PagesCHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Various publications and studies related to the topic being studied were read and analyzed by the researcher to support the claims presented by this study. 2.1 Mobile Robot According to Al-Sahib (2015), the term robot is derived from the Czech word â€Å"robota† which means forced labor. Goris (2004) also said that a robot can be defined as a device that can execute automated tasks, either with the influence of direct human control, or a set of general

The Single Persona of Ophelia and Gertrude Free Essays

Zoe Alternate Ms. Herring AP English 5 November 2013 The Single Persona of Aphelia and Gertrude According to Shakespeare, Elisions did not require more than two women, let alone two unique women. On a larger scale, the society in which Shakespeare wrote agreed that most women were indistinguishable: women in general did not hold positions of prominence and did not demand recognition. We will write a custom essay sample on The Single Persona of Ophelia and Gertrude or any similar topic only for you Order Now In all of Shakespearean plays, a meager 126 female characters develop; of these, Aphelia and Gertrude play minor roles in Shakespearean Hamlet, having a mere 169 lines and 128 lines respectively. Being the only two females in the play, and with Shakespearean lack of knowledge that women could have varying personalities, Aphelia and Gertrude manage to possess many similar characteristics. In fact, they are so similar that one could argue, if convinced an Oedipus-complex exists, there is no need for two separate characters. Through their relationships and circumstances, interactions and dialogue, Shakespeare portrays Aphelia and Gertrude as parallel characters. Women during the Renaissance, and even women during any time period prior to the sass, were submissive and loyal. Aphelia and Gertrude are no exceptions to this stereotype; they passively listen and, without question, obey their superiors. As Alerter accuses Hamlet of false love, Aphelia agrees saying, â€Å"l shall the effect of this good lesson keep† (1. 3. 44). Soon afterward, Polonium demands that Aphelia avoid Hamlet, and Aphelia is obedient: â€Å"l shall obey, my lord† (1. 3. 136). Even in Alerter’ questioning of Hamlet’s feelings, Aphelia admits that, as a woman, she should not have her own thoughts: â€Å"l do not know, my lord, what I should think† (1. . 104). She repeats this degrading fact saying, â€Å"l think nothing, my lord† (3. . 107) when Hamlet asks what she thought he meant in mentioning a virgin’s legs. In 2. 2 lines 110-113, as Polonium attempts to raise his popularity among the court, he reads a personal letter from Hamlet to Aphelia, while Aphelia, surely embarrassed, sits back with no argument. The same acquiescence lies w ithin Queen Gertrude. In 2. 2 lines 19-26, Gertrude repeats, only more succinctly, what Claudia has already said, proving her lack of original thought. When Claudia orders her to leave the court, Gertrude says, â€Å"l shall obey you† (3. 1. 38), maintaining her proper wifely status. To please her new Cubans, Gertrude endeavors to placate Hamlet’s mournful mind and persuade him to â€Å"let [his] eye look like a friend on Denmark† (1. 2. 69), so that the Danish citizens may think all is well with the new political structure. Just as Aphelia holds a willingness to bow to Alerter and Polonium, Gertrude yields to Claudia every time except once right before her demise, which will be subsequently analyzed further. They are both â€Å"made malleable by [their] sense of duty and by [their] nature as well† (Magnums 1). Regardless of their wrongful obedience to their respective superiors, both Aphelia ND Gertrude truly love Hamlet. The only two women in the play have a very intimate relationship with the protagonist, one being his mother and the other his love interest. The love is made certain when Hamlet, truthfully or not, retracts his previous affection toward Aphelia; yet, she still replies, â€Å"Indeed, my lord, you made me believe so† and â€Å"l was the more deceived† (3. . 118-122), revealing her broken heart. Gertrude love, whether her relationship with Hamlet includes an Oedipus-complex or not, proves sincere as she calls to Hamlet Just before her untimely death: â€Å"O my dear Hamlet! (5. 2. 312). Neither female character can stand to have the connection between their familial and friendly bonds amputated. Aphelia can see that Hamlet’s madness has generat ed a break between her father’s wishes and Hamlet’s, and, distressed by the apparent severed bonds, pleads for help, â€Å"Heavenly powers, restore him! † (3. 1 . 142). Gertrude, in the midst of a barrage of verbal accusations, strives to conserve the filial bond; she refers to Hamlet as â€Å"sweet Hamlet† (3. 4. 98) and, in an effort to stop his attack, says, â€Å"O Hamlet, thou hast cleft my heart in twain† (3. 4. 158). She needs his approval and therefore asks, â€Å"What shall I do? † (3. 4. 184). According to David Abnegation’s interpretation, the priority of Aphelia and Gertrude is familial harmony, motivating their actions throughout the play. Nonetheless, due to their blind and steadfast allegiance, Aphelia and Gertrude cannot help but act treacherously against Hamlet despite their deep love for him. Consequently, when Polonium devises a scheme to unearth the backstops of Hamlet’s madness, he commands Aphelia, â€Å"Walk you here†¦ ‘ Read on this book/ That show of such an exercise may color/ Your loneliness† (3. 1. 3-47). She immediately follows along so that Hamlet may suppose her alone when he happens upon her. Of course, Hamlet the keen prince he is, senses her betrayal. When Hamlet asks the whereabouts of Polonium, Aphelia answers with a lie, â€Å"At home, my lord† (3. 1 . 132). Gertrude also refuses to take sides in the war between Claudia and Hamlet. She agrees to Polonium’ ploy to spy on Hamlet by saying, â€Å"I’ll warrant you. Fear me not† (3. 4. 7), allowing Polonium to take cover behind her curtains. Again, Hamlet discovers the betrayal, killing Polonium in the process. Shortly after, notwithstanding Hamlet’s recent attack and her ostensible promise, Gertrude defends Claudia’ throne cursing the â€Å"false Danish dogs† (4. 5. 108) when the Messenger reports that the crowd wants Alerter as king. Furthermore, Claudia deduces that Gertrude will concur with Hamlet’s need to be shipped to England and includes her in his plot to rid Denmark of Hamlet: â€Å"Come, Gertrude, we’ll call up our friends/ And let them know†¦ Hat we mean to do† (4. 1. 38-39). She does not contend. But Gertrude even now holds onto the love for her son and begs the crowd in the cemetery to be patient, â€Å"For love of God, forbear him† (5. . 259). After Hamlet and Alerter brawl in Aphelion’s grave, the fickle Gertrude endeavors to convince the multitude that Hamletâ₠¬â„¢s fit, even though Hamlet clearly mourns Aphelion’s death, is in reality â€Å"mere madness† (5. 1. 271-275). Aphelia and Gertrude fluctuate between their alliance to Hamlet and to the court, and, in the throes, move with duplicity against Hamlet. These innumerable and sundry breaches of faith trigger Hamlet’s abandonment of the goodness in humanity, especially womankind. The ones who should love him the most are the ones contributing to Hamlet’s degrading mental state. Yet, being tender of heart and still submissive, both women â€Å"are forced into uncharacteristic vices,† unaware of their evil guides(Pennington). Hamlet’s hatred goes so far as to dub frailty a woman in 1. 2. Aphelia and Gertrude are made into products of a â€Å"stereotypic wanton sexuality’ (Wellness 1). Hamlet displays his disgust toward the sexuality of women in saying, â€Å"The power of beauty will†¦ Transform/honesty from what it is to a bawd† (3. 1. 113-114). Hamlet denounces women as two-faced and promiscuous saying, â€Å"God has given you one face and you make yourselves another†¦ And make our wantonness your ignorance† (3. 1 . 143-146). His anger builds until he commences separate assaults on the two female characters. During his meeting with Aphelia, he spits several insults on her. Hamlet bids Aphelia, â€Å"Get thee to a nunnery’ (3. 1 . 123). He additionally advises that if Aphelia must marry, she should â€Å"marry a fool, for wise men know well enough what monsters [she] makes of them† (3. 1 . 139-140). Later, in the course of his climactic talk with his mother, Hamlet accuses Gertrude of â€Å"such a deed/As from the body of contraction plucks/The very soul, and sweet religion makes/ A rhapsody of words† (3. 4. 46-49). Both women are much too delicate to take on Hamlet’s harsh words, and they crumble in the presence of his disgust. A final correlation between Hamlet’s female characters is their closing exits. As the plays only females decay, it is evident that a factor to their degeneration is their lack of independence. Neither woman ever speaks without being prior spoken to with the exception of 4. 5. Aphelion’s reason finally collapses, and her songs spill out as if they were the liquid madness sloshing in her head. After Alerter Journeys to France and Aphelia agrees to avoid Hamlet in 1. , Aphelia remains without any confidant. She is â€Å"an isolated figure in a patriarchal world† (Magnums 1), even more so in the wake of her father’s slaughter. Gertrude can relate. Claudia, her only confidant, has been forbidden by Hamlet, and her own son abhors her. These women retain little strength to act of their own will. Even their own deaths occur accidentally, the fault of fated chain reactions. Aphelia, in an effort to commit suicide, falls into a body of water and drowns. Her only attempt to do something for herself is pulverize, Shakespearean way of keeping femininity helpless. As Gertrude recounts Aphelion’s passing, she mentions that in falling from the branch, Aphelia continues â€Å"snatches of old lauds/As one incapable of her own distress† (4. . 176-177). Perhaps Aphelia knows how to swim, but indeed does decide for herself to let the water take her. Comparably, Gertrude is killed by a poison meant for the protagonist. Perchance she knows what Claudia has planned; some of Gertrude last words are defiant against Claudia, potentially proving her want of death to come as soon as possible and her own decision to make that happen. Clau dia weakly calls on Gertrude to replace Hamlet’s poisoned drink; however, Gertrude replies, â€Å"l will, my lord, I pray you, pardon me† (5. 2. 287). Their deaths can be argued as accidental or premeditated; nevertheless, Gertrude and Aphelia maintain irrefutably passive qualities throughout the play, which are conducive to their individual endings. The Queen of Denmark and a fool’s daughter, although endowed with separate names and kinsmen, possess stark and tangible similarities. Both temperaments are comprised of a complaint nature, unintentional treachery, a tender heart, and dependency. Aphelia and Gertrude can effortlessly be labeled parallel characters on count of Shakespearean alacrity to conform to societal views of women. How to cite The Single Persona of Ophelia and Gertrude, Papers

Summary of the article “Do college Sports Affect Students Grades A Defense of the NCAA” free essay sample

â€Å"Do college Sports Affect Students Grades? A Defense of the NCAA† by Megan Greenwell argues about whether college sports affect grades of the student-athletes or regular students and whether colleges would be better off without collegiate sport. Megan Greenwell in her article expresses her opinion on the following topic and gives some arguments in favor of having collegiate sports. In this article she is arguing about the connection between the grades various students are receiving and their involvement in collegiate sports events (football in this case). Her opinion on this kind of connection is clear and straightforward. She is describes the arguments for and against collegiate sports as â€Å"paternalistic and shortsighted. † The author is arguing with declaration given by a trio of economists which examine the relationship between a university’s success on the football field and its students’ grades based on the research made by 3 researches who are establishing a connection between bad grades and their team winning games. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of the article: â€Å"Do college Sports Affect Students Grades A Defense of the NCAA† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She is giving an argument based on her college experience basically saying â€Å"I can assure researchers that we found other excuses to imbibe† and she is giving expanded facts from the report made by these 3 researches. The research suggests that various students will be more â€Å"predisposed† to face difficulties in college when â€Å"major distractions†, such as collegiate football, are involved, which aids Greenwell to prove her point that connection between grades and sport events is doubtable and students who are not struggling with class will not be struggling with classes even if their team is winning. The author in her article also discusses whether to eliminate athletic scholarships or not to make all students equal and get rid of the â€Å"paying† factor, which can be seen as alternative of salary for the professional athletes. She rejects this argument by bringing up the fact that the act of illumination of athletic scholarships would greatly affect the vast majority of the NCAA athletes who have no monetary benefits, suggesting that most of those athletes will no longer be able to attend college due to financial restrictions imposed by such actions. She states that allowing students to take this financial support makes much more sense than just eliminating their opportunity to play and even study in college. Instead of imposing great restrictions upon student-athletes and forcing them to choose between academics and sport, Greenwell is thinking about the ways to help students-athletes to succeed in the classroom. She claims  Ã¢â‚¬Å"getting serious about their academic performance, even at the expense of practice time, is a better response than forcing â€Å"student-athlete† to choose between two. † In the last part of her article, the author concludes that collegiate sport is a gateway for many students to express their passion and fervor towards the sport, even if â€Å"going pro† is not an option, which proves the main idea of the whole article, which is trying to achieve a balance of how to spend time between academics, sport and other important aspects of college life.

Man and his Environment Notes Essay Example

Man and his Environment Notes Paper Hence, energy flow through an ecosystem is non-cyclic and energy must be continuously supplied to the ecosystem. Suggested and excreted materials (e. G. Faces, urine) and dead organisms contain trapped chemical energy, which is released through the action of decomposer. Approximately 10% of net energy production at one tropic level is passed on to the next level. Not all the energy produced or consumed at each level is passed on. Energy transfer in ecosystems in inefficient. Here are some reasons why: . 3. 4. Energy is needed to carry out life processes. Heat is lost to the surroundings during respiration. Not every part of the organism gets eaten. Not everything consumed is digested by the consumer (e. G. Cellulose from plants cannot be digested by humans) Biology ; Man and His Environment Energy is transferred between tropic levels Organisms in any ecosystem can be classified as producers, consumers and decomposer. The transfer of energy and nutrients is dependent on the feeding relationships of an ecosystem. A food chain shows the sequence of food transfer from one organism to another. Each stage in a food chain is known as a tropic level. Producers: Producers are organisms that are able to produce their own organic matter (e. G. Carbohydrates) from inorganic nutrients (e. G. Water, carbon dioxide) through photosynthesis. We will write a custom essay sample on Man and his Environment Notes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Man and his Environment Notes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Man and his Environment Notes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They are also known as atrophic organisms or authors (auto-self, troop=nutrition). Other than green plants, algae and certain types of bacteria and unicellular organisms can produce their own food. Consumers: Organisms in the tropic levels above the producers. Herbivores are primary consumers which feed directly on producers. Carnivores are consumers which feed on other consumers. Consumers, which do not make their own food, are also known as heterodox (hetero=other). Decomposer: Decomposer (e. G. Bacteria and fungi) are a group of consumers that obtains their energy from detritus (dead material and waste of organisms from all tropic levels). Organic material from the tissues of organisms (e. G. Reverberates) will be broken down into simpler inorganic substances (e. G. Carbon, nitrogen). These substances can be recycled in the ecosystem. A food web shows the inter-relationships between different food chains. A food web is a more realistic representation of feeding relationships in an ecosystem as consumers usually have more than one source of food and some organisms are a source of food for multiple consumers. Ecological pyramids: Pyramid of numbers and Pyramid of biomass Ecological pyramids are a visual representation of how different populations interact within a community. They are used to compare the different tropic levels in a food chain. They are horizontal bar diagrams, with the producers placed at the base of the pyramid, followed by the primary consumers and so on. Pyramid of numbers Pyramid of biomass A pyramid of biomass compares the *mass A pyramid of numbers compares the of organisms present at each tropic level number of organisms present at each in an area at a particular time. Tropic level in an area at a particular time. *the average dry mass of each species in each tropic level must be obtained, and then multiplied by the estimated total number of individuals in the food chain. Example 1 Example 2. 2 Example 2. 1 Why do the two pyramids in Example 2. 1 and 2. 2 have different shapes? Why do the two pyramids in Example 1 and 2. 1 have different shapes? Most ecological pyramids are pyramid-shaped, but there are some exceptions, as seen in Example 2. In the table above. A pyramid of numbers may appear to be inverted if: Organisms on one tropic level are parasitic on organisms on another tropic level (e. G. Aphids feeding on the sap of an elder tree) Many small organisms on one tropic level feed on a large organism Of another tropic level A pyramid of biomass may appear to be inverted if it includes organisms which reproduce rapidly (e. G. Phytoplankton). (2) Nutrient cycling Inorganic nutrients like carbon and nitrogen can be recycled They are obtained from the biotic environment (e. G. Air, soil) Nutrients are continuously recycled in a balanced ecosystem The Carbon Cycle Carbon is constantly being removed from and released into the environment in the form of carbon dioxide. Thus, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the environment remains relatively constant. The processes involved in the removal of carbon dioxide and its release into the environment make up the carbon cycle. Photosynthesis: Photosynthetic organisms convert carbon, from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, into carbohydrates. Carbohydrates can also be converted to proteins and fats. Feeding: Animals obtain carbon compounds (e. G. Carbohydrates, proteins and fats) by feeding on plants and other animals. Respiration: Some of the carbon compounds are converted back to carbon dioxide through respiration, which releases energy for cell activities. Decomposition: Decomposer like fungi and bacteria break down the carbon compounds in dead tissue into carbon dioxide, which is returned to the atmosphere Combustion: Some of the remains of dead organisms are locked up as carbon-based fossil fuels like coal and oil. The burning of such fossil fuels releases the stored carbon into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Ecological field techniques: Quadrate and Transect sampling Within an ecosystem, the Organisms are rarely distributed evenly and Hereford it can be very difficult to count their numbers accurately. Scientists therefore need to adopt appropriate sampling techniques to achieve a realistic estimate of population numbers. Why are such field techniques important? What can we do with the data obtained from these sampling techniques? Quadrate sampling A quadrate is a sampling unit of known area. They are usually taken using square frames of size 1 urn. Quadrate can vary in size, depending on the particular habitat and type of organisms likely to be encountered. Quadrate should be placed randomly so that a representative sample is taken. Transect sampling A transect is simply a line that is stretched over an area that we want to study. Compared to quadrate sampling the transect sample points are arranged in linear fashion. This approach is useful when recording changes in the species composition or population numbers where some sort of transition or environmental gradient exists (e. G. N intertribal area like a sea shore or mangrove, or an area next to where a pollutant is known to be spreading). Impact of Man on the Environment Our ecosystem consists of regularly interacting and interdependent components forming a unified whole, and it is meant to be functioning at a teddy state. However, due to the exponential increase in human population over the years, the impact of man on the environment is increasingly noticeable. Additional information Ecological and carbon footprints An ecological footprint measures the total amount of land and resources used to produce the resources that the population consumes and assimilate the wastes that the population produces. A carbon footprint is a measure of the impact our activities have on the environment, and in particular climate change. It relates to the amount of greenhouse gases produced in our day-to-day lives through burning fossil eels for electricity, heating and transportation and so on. Calculate your carbon footprint! Http://www. Onus. Du. So/goes/resources/carbonization_calculator. HTML pollution Pollution is the release of substances, which cause harm to living organisms, into the environment. Substances that cause pollution are called pollutants. Water pollution and fasciculation The use of insecticides to kill insects has its impact on other organisms. If insecticides are carried by rainwater into water bodies like rivers and lakes, they can accumulate in high concentrations in the bodies of aquatic organisms. For instance, EDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) is an insecticide that is nonprogrammable, which means that it cannot be broken down by microorganisms. It is insoluble in water and is thus stored in the fatty tissues of organisms that consume it. If consumers keep consuming food that contains EDT, the concentration of EDT will further increase in their bodies. This is called fasciculation. The insecticide is then passed along food chains, increasing the concentration of EDT in the bodies of organisms along the tropic levels. This process is called pontification or pontification. Water pollution by sewage and inorganic waste Water-borne diseases and poisoning Sewage contains waste matter from homes and industries, which contains a lot of disseminating organisms like bacteria if left untreated. If such organisms get into drinking water, water-borne diseases like cholera and typhoid may spread. Inorganic waste from industries, like mercury, lead and zinc can be absorbed by aquatic organisms and cause poisoning (e. G. Intimate mercury poisoning in 1 sass Japan, where many who ate fish from the polluted water were blinded or paralyses). Triplication Triplication is the process where water receives excess nutrients like hostages and nitrates, which causes excessive growth of algae and water plants. Untreated sewage and inorganic fertilizers contains phosphates and nitrates. Inorganic fertilizers that are not absorbed by plants may dissolve in ground water, or get washed by rainwater into water bodies like rivers and lakes. Phosphates and nitrates are nutrients for algae and water plants. As a result, their growth is enhanced. The overgrowth of algae and floating water plants prevent sunlight from reaching the submerged plants. The submerged algae and plants die and are decomposed by bacteria and fungi. As the bacteria multiply rapidly, they use up oxygen in the water. Other organisms such as fish die due to the lack Of oxygen. Environmental biotechnology Sewage treatment Environmental biotechnology is the use of biological science to provide environmentally friendly solutions to red cue pollution. Sewage treatment helps to minimize the effects of water pollution on the environment. Decomposer like bacteria are naturally found in sewage. However, decomposition takes time and occurs at different rates. Sewage treatment in water reclamation plants is a controlled process which ensures that sewage is ropey treated in one location before being released into the environment. The sewage treatment process 1) Sewage from households is channeled into the water reclamation plant. 2) The used water is passed through bar screens to remove large, coarse materials. Primary treatment: 3) The screened liquid is sent to the primary settlement tank. Here, the liquid flow is very slow. This allows solids to settle at the bottom Of the tank as primary sludge. The primary sludge is removed and fed into an anaerobic digester (anaerobic-not requiring oxygen). The top liquid from this tank flows into an aeration tank. Secondary treatment: 4) Activated sludge process in the aeration tank: In the aeration tank, the liquid is mixed with aerobic microorganisms like bacteria. Bubbles of air are pumped into the liquid. The oxygen in the air is used by the microorganisms for aerobic respiration (aerobic-requiring oxygen). The microorganisms absorb and break down organic pollutants in the water into harmless substances and carbon dioxide. ) Final settlement tank: The treated water, together with the microorganisms, is channeled into the final settlement tank. The microorganisms settle to the bottom of the tank as sludge. A portion of this sludge is returned to the aeration tank to be reused. The excess sludge is sent to the anaerobic digester. 6) Clean water at the top of the t ank is collected and may be discharged as effluent into nearby rivers, streams or lakes. The effluent may also be treated further using reverse osmosis technologies (I. E. Neater). Anaerobic digester: The anaerobic digester is a closed tank with no oxygen supply. Anaerobic bacteria decomposes the sludge. Biogas, mainly methane, is produced through the breakdown of the organic matter. The biogas is used as fuel to generate electricity for the reclamation plant. The remaining solid material is removed from the tank, and can be incinerated or used as fertilizer. Think: How is sewage treatment a sustainable practice? Sustainability and Conservation Sustainable development involves meeting the needs of the present without compromising on the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Thus, we wish to maintain, or improve the environmental, economic and social characteristics of the world we live in, in a manner that can be continued into the future. In ecology, sustainability refers to the capacity for biological systems to remain diverse and productive over time. The principles of sustainable development Conservation, which is part and parcel of ensuring sustainable development, is the protection and preservation of natural resources in the environment. Reasons for conservation Maintaining Biodiversity It is important to maintain a large gene pool as many wild plants and animals contain favorable genes. By cross-breeding organisms with favorable genes, we can improve agricultural produce (e. G. Disease-resistant plants) Economic purposes: Plants and animals are major sources of food and raw material. Many tropical plants are sources of medicinal drugs (e. G. Nine which is an anti-malarial drug) It is important to maintain a stable and balanced ecosystem to prevent disruption of nutrient cycles like the carbon cycle (which may lead to global warming), and to alter feeding relationships in ecosystems. Scientific research on wildlife provides useful information to humans Management fisheries Fish are important sources of protein Overfeeding or indiscriminate fishing must be prevented in order to ensure that there is a sustainable yield for each species. The harvest each year should not cause a decline in the population. Sustainability can be ensured through

Free Essays on Call Of The Wild - Thematic Summary

More important than the actual events of the novel are many of the themes expressed throughout the story. These include Buck’s gradual transition from pampered housedog to powerful sled dog to wild beast, greed and the mistreatment of animals, loyalty and love, and even what "The Call of the Wild" actually means. Throughout the book, Buck would hear a howling from the woods, or saw visions of his ancestors in his sleep. He had looked into the campfire and seen back generations, to the wild dogs who were his ancestors, and the hairy men who were their masters. He recognized how their lives connected them. Something within him longed to return to the state that these ancestors lived in, to answer the call of the wild. As the novel continued, he had given into this call more and more often, and each time, to a greater extent. He experienced physical changes, such as the hardening of his muscles, and many emotional changes, the desire to join his wild brother, and the dislike for his former life in the Santa Clara Valley. At one point in the book, Buck leaned his head back and gave a long, low wolf howl. It excited him like nothing he had ever felt, and expressed the change he felt toward the wild beast. When Buck finally gave in to the call permanently, there was a sense that Buck had achieved the destiny that he was meant for, and that his primitive life would give him a happiness that he had never before experienced. Jack London showed greed in many ways. One was the mistreatment of the sled dogs, which showed how far a human would actually go to get what he wanted. These brutal men only wanted gold. The only reason they were in the Alaskan wilderness was for the riches that were spread amongst the treacherous terrain. The ideas of having money, and being wealthy were enough to force a man to beat a dog, as if the dog could feel no pain. All through the story, the sled drivers would starve their dogs, trying to force them to work h... Free Essays on Call Of The Wild - Thematic Summary Free Essays on Call Of The Wild - Thematic Summary More important than the actual events of the novel are many of the themes expressed throughout the story. These include Buck’s gradual transition from pampered housedog to powerful sled dog to wild beast, greed and the mistreatment of animals, loyalty and love, and even what "The Call of the Wild" actually means. Throughout the book, Buck would hear a howling from the woods, or saw visions of his ancestors in his sleep. He had looked into the campfire and seen back generations, to the wild dogs who were his ancestors, and the hairy men who were their masters. He recognized how their lives connected them. Something within him longed to return to the state that these ancestors lived in, to answer the call of the wild. As the novel continued, he had given into this call more and more often, and each time, to a greater extent. He experienced physical changes, such as the hardening of his muscles, and many emotional changes, the desire to join his wild brother, and the dislike for his former life in the Santa Clara Valley. At one point in the book, Buck leaned his head back and gave a long, low wolf howl. It excited him like nothing he had ever felt, and expressed the change he felt toward the wild beast. When Buck finally gave in to the call permanently, there was a sense that Buck had achieved the destiny that he was meant for, and that his primitive life would give him a happiness that he had never before experienced. Jack London showed greed in many ways. One was the mistreatment of the sled dogs, which showed how far a human would actually go to get what he wanted. These brutal men only wanted gold. The only reason they were in the Alaskan wilderness was for the riches that were spread amongst the treacherous terrain. The ideas of having money, and being wealthy were enough to force a man to beat a dog, as if the dog could feel no pain. All through the story, the sled drivers would starve their dogs, trying to force them to work h...

Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Statistics - Essay Example This has been done to ascertain where Maryland stands among all the regions of USA especially with respect to Virginia and Pennsylvania in terms of well being index and work and life quality. The findings of the statistical analysis is presented and discussed in this paper. Data on Well Being Index and Quality of Work and Life for 50 states and / or congressional district was collected and recorded in MS Office Excel spreadsheet. Descriptive Statistics for well being index and work and life quality was then obtained using MS Office Excel Data Analysis Tool. This was done to get a feel of these indexes i.e. well being index and work and life quality across all the 50 states / congressional districts of USA. The findings of this analysis are presented in Table 1, in the Appendix. It is better to examine and discuss the important statistics obtained from this analysis for each of these indexes – well being index and work and life quality. Summary statistics of well being index for all the 50 states / congressional districts is presented in Table, in the Appendix. The values for mean, median and mode are 65.47, 65.75 and 66.3 respectively. These parameters are measures of central tendency i.e. the central value around which actual well being index of different states lies. Another important statistics of well being index is standard deviation. Its value is 1.69. This is a measure of dispersion of the actual values around the mean value. Now let us examine, whether Maryland lies among all the 50 regions with respect to well being index. Well being index for Maryland is 67.1% (Table 2, in the Appendix). This means Maryland has above average well being index among all the 50 regions under consideration. It is important to examine whether the difference from the mean is significant. To do so 95% confidence interval for mean well being index was determined. This confidence interval is [64.90,

Informational Interview Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Informational Interview - Research Paper Example Upon graduating, she began her current role with her current employer after completing her internship with them as a web designer for company clients. Her current role involves the development of the company’s website and sub-sites. For this, she uses a combination of software including Drupla, Editplus, phpBB and Photoshop. She usually works independently but liaises with the company CEO and sales and marketing departments for website information regarding new content, information, customer information, target audiences and news. The interviewee believes that her educational programme helped greatly in preparation for her current role. She administers that attention to detail, creativity and technical proficiency are important skills for web designers. She is concerned by the current climate of the profession regarding the popularity and availability of accessible web-design software, however, she admits that effective web design of larger or complex sites can only be achieved by trained and skilled web designers. The following are some examples of the questions and answers given during the interview. â€Å"No, I wasn’t always interested in Web Design. I was always interested in the web itself and computers in general. I first became interested in web design when I took the web design module in my first year in college.† â€Å"I created a substantial web site for my third year project and again for my final year project......My project work definitely helped me with my career in web design. I also had an internship called INTRA during my third year of college. This also helped a lot with gaining experience in web design, and also gave me my job today.† â€Å"A typical day for me would be to come in at 9 o clock. Check emails. Email the CEO of the company and ask for any news and updates for the website†¦ Check that the website is working correctly and make any necessary changes†¦Add in any news or updates. Make changes†¦ Only yesterday I